Reference no: EM133292981

1. ___ is the enzyme primarily responsible for making the complementary strand of DNA

2. ___ is the enzyme that lays down the RNA primer.

3. ___ is an enzyme that unswivels DNA to keep it from getting too tightly coiled.

4. ___ is an enzyme that combines all the fragments to make a full strand of DNA.

5. Name 2 enzymes involved with correcting mistakes in DNA replication.

6. The ends of chromosomes are called ___.

7. Explain the central dogma of gene expression. How we get from DNA to proteins.

8. What nucleotides base pair with each other in DNA? In RNA?

9. Given a particular sequence of DNA, be able to write the complementary sequence, the mRNA sequence and translate it into an amino acid sequence (like you did for Lab10).

10. What are the 3 types of RNA involved in making a protein and what structure do they come together on?

11. ___ is the enzyme that transcribes the DNA into RNA.

12. The ___ is the region of the DNA upstream of the gene to be transcribed, where proteins involved in transcription bind.

13. Eukaryotic messenger RNA is processed before leaving the nucleus. What are the 3 types of processing that occur?

14. What is an exon?

15. What is an intron?

16. What type of RNA has an amino acid attached to it?

17. A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence. What is a missense mutation? What is a nonsense mutation? What happens if nucleotides are added or removed?

18. What is an operon in prokaryotes?

19. Describe how either the Lac operon or the Trp operon are regulated to only produce a set of enzymes when they are needed by the organism.

20. What is alternative splicing in eukaryotes?

21. What is epigenetics?

22. A cell is said to be ___ when it begins expressing proteins associated with a specific cell type.

23. What is a transcription factor?

24. What is an oncogene? What is a proto-oncogene?

25. What is cloning? What is an example of an animal that has been cloned?

26. What is a genetically modified organism?

27. What is a stem cell? What are 3 types of stem cells?

28. What is a practical application of DNA 'tools'?

29. How can humans (~21,000 genes) have about the same number of genes as Caenorhabditis elegans (a worm, ~20,500 genes), yet obviously be more complex organisms?

30. Approximately how much of the human genome actually encodes protein sequences?

31. How do we compare distantly related species?

32. How do we compare closely related species?

33. How do we classify viruses?

34. Are viruses living

35. What is a virus that infects bacteria called?

36. What is a vaccine?

37. What is a prion? What is an example of a disease caused by prions?

Evolution

1. Name someone instrumental in our current ideas of evolution and what was their observation?

2. What is meant by Natural Selection?

3. What is Artificial Selection?

4. What is meant by evolution? What are evidences supporting evolution?

5. What is meant by "survival of the fittest? Give an example.

6. What are fossils and how do they give us clues about evolution?

7. How do we determine the age of fossils?

8. Define homologous structure and give an example.

9. Define analogous structure and give an example?

10. Define vestigial structure and give an example?

11. What is comparative anatomy?

12. What is Biogeography?

13. What is pangaea?

14. What is extinction? What is a mass extinction?

15. What is thought to cause one of the mass extinctions?