Reference no: EM132707902

1. What parts comprise the central nervous system (CNS)? peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

2. Know the anatomy of a neuron.

3. What is a synapse?

4. What is a neurotransmitter?

5. What are glia? What are their functions?

6. How do the concentrations of K+ and Na+ differ inside and outside the cell?

7. What is an ion channel?

8. What is meant by the term selective permeability?

9. What properties of the cell membrane are responsible for producing the resting potential?

10. What two factors contribute to the equilibrium potential?

11. Why is the membrane potential of a resting cell closer to the K+ equilibrium potential than the Na+ equilibrium potential?

12. What is a gated ion channel? a voltage-gated ion channel?

13. What is a graded potential?

14. What is an action potential (AP) and how is it generated?

15. What type of feedback loop best describes the depolarization and channel opening associated with an AP?

16. What is meant by the statement that an AP is an all or none response?

17. If an AP is an all or none response how can it convey information concerning the strength of the stimulus that generated it?

18. Know the stages of an AP and the changes in the state of the ion channels that contribute to each stage.

19. Why is the inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels important for the unidirectional transmission of an AP?

20. What causes the "undershoot" of the AP?

21. What happens to the cell membrane just behind the propagating AP?

22. What is the relationship between the speed of conductance of an AP and the axon diameter?

23. What is the effect of myelination on the speed of conductance of an AP?

24. What is the mechanism involved in question 25?

25. What is saltatory conduction?

26. What are postsynaptic potentials?

27. How does an EPSP differ from an IPSP?

28. What is temporal summation?

29. What is spatial summation?

30. The summed effect of IPSPs and EPSPs at the ________________ will produce an AP if ________________ is reached.

31. This class of neurotransmitter is common in both invertebrates and vertebrates and is usually excitatory.

32. These three amino acids are major neurotransmitters in the CNS.

33. This class of neurotransmitter includes epinephrine and serotonin.

34. This class of neurotransmitter includes NO and CO.

35. These are relatively short chains of amino acids that function as neurotransmitters.