Reference no: EM132841831
Worksheet: Organic molecules
This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates, fats ( lipids ), proteins and nucleic acids.
A) Web site name: Florida State College Jacksonville
Read "Carbohydrates"
1) What does the body use carbohydrates for? ________________________
2) What two chemicals are given out when carbohydrates are burned?
3) Why can cows survive on grass, but not humans? ____________________
Move down to the section "How sweet is your sugar?"
4) What is the sweetest chemical listed here? __________________________
5) Lactose is found in milk. Why does milk not taste very sweet? ____
6) Plants and animals typically contain a lot of glucose. Most soft drinks such as Coke, Pepsi and Sprite contain fructose instead of glucose. Why is this?
B) Web site name: John Jay College; New York
Read the section "Carbohydrates"
7) What three chemical elements are found in carbohydrates?
8) Look at the chemical formula of glucose. How many Carbon (C) atoms does it have?
9) What two molecules (or units) are joined to form sucrose?
10) What is the difference between starch and glycogen?
11) List four common sources of starch :
C) Web site name: Health Check Systems
12) How many calories are there in 1 gram of carbohydrate?___________
1 gram of fat? ___________
13) Why are "Krispy Krunchies" not a very healthy choice of food? _________
Look at the "FDA Specifications for Healthy claims"
14) Does "Fat-Free" really mean "no fat"? _____________________________
Give a practical reason why it would be hard to label any food as "Fat-Free" if it had to have zero fat in it?
15) What % of the Daily Values for Vitamin A, Vitamin C etc does food labeled "Healthy" have to have? ____________ %
16) Do you think any of these health claims on the chart are misleading? _____ If so, which ones?
D) Web site name: Mayo Clinic
Read "Nutrition and healthy eating"
17) What does dietary fat provide for the body? _________________________
18) What are four specific diseases that are a concern with some types of dietary fat and cholesterol?
19) What are the main sources of harmful saturated fat?
20) List the main plant sources of healthier omega-3 fatty acids:
E) Web site name: New England Journal of Medicine
Read "Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women"
21) How many women in the study suffered from heart attacks ( myocardial infarction) ?
22) Was total fat intake related to the risk of coronary disease? _____________
23) How much does it reduce the risk of heart attack if women replace 5% of energy from saturated fats with energy from unsaturated fats? _______%
(Saturated and trans unsaturated fats are found in animal products (meat, milk) and margarine. Unsaturated fats are common in plants.)
F) Web site name: Science News
24) How many hours a day did the "limited eating" mice fast? ______________
25) After 100 days, how much less did the time-restricted feeding mice weigh compared to the mice who ate frequently?
26) What is "brown fat"? _____
27) Chronic inflammation has been implicated in which diseases?
G) Web site name: Florida State College at Jacksonville
28) What is the name for the two chemical groups (NH2 and COOH) bonded to the alpha carbon atom? ___________________________ and ____________________________
29) What is the "secondary structure" of a protein ? _______
30) What is the molecular weight of insulin? _______________ daltons
31) What is meant by "Proteins can denature"? _________________________
H) Web site name: Florida State College at Jacksonville
32) When was the word "protein" first used? ___________________
33) What are the best sources of plant protein? __________________________
34) Many pharmacies and stores sell protein or amino acid pills as dietary supplements. What are two problems that can be caused by eating too much protein ? _______
35) If you are on a diet and eating very little food, why should you include some protein in your diet?
I) Web site name: University of Connecticut
Read "Evidence that DNA is the genetic material"
36) Why did scientists in 1900 think that proteins were the genes, rather than DNA?
37) When did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase finally show that DNA was responsible for bacterial virus infection?
38) Who discovered in 1947 that the % of bases in DNA varies from organism to organism?
39). What four bases (use letters) are found in DNA? _____________________
40). What is a helix? ________________________________________________
41). What does the enzyme helicase do? ________________________________
42). What does the enzyme ligase do? __________________________________
43). How many UV-induced errors in the DNA of every skin cell are caused by 4-hours at the beach? _________________________
Attachment:- Organic Molecules.rar