Reference no: EM132934768

Answer the Questions:

1. What are some of the characteristics that all protists share with one another. Which characteristics are unique to the protists?
2. Why are there no single, uniting and unique features (synapomorphies) for the protists?
3. What is a group of bacteria that is photosynthetic and describe how the group differs from photosynthetic eukaryotes?
4. What are some reasons why ferns are predominately outcrossing sperm unite with eggs on different gametophytes?
5. Although ferns can grow larger than bryophytes, they are still reliant on aboveground water availability (at least seasonally). Why ?
6. Describe pollen. Is pollen multicellular or unicellular, the plant generation pollen is derived from, and the generation pollen represents in the seed plants.
7. What is one synapomorphy? Why does synapomorphies exist in plants but not the protists: plants are not unique in being green, contains chloroplasts, or photosynthesizing, and consider the evolutionary history.
8. How could a lichenized fungus benefit from its symbiosis with an green alga or cyanobacterium?
9. What are differences that fungi have from plants and also animals? What are some characteristics that make fungi unique?
10. What does saprotrophic mean?
11. What are examples of the relationship that fungi uses to obtain energy/carbon and a specimen observed?
12. During the process of gastrulation, a sea urchin embryo develops a gut. Knowing that sea urchins are deuterostomes, do you think the first gut opening that develops would become the eventual mouth or anus of the animal?
13. What are the tissue layers of the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora? What is the body symmetry of the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora? What are the special cells and reproduction for the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora?
14. For each of the cnidarian class state the most conspicuous body form, if the body forms occurs roughly equally state it.
15. What happens to each of the four chordate characteristics in humans?
16. Compare and contrast Phylum Echinodermata and Phylum Chordata.
17. Define the terms and describe their evolutionary changes.

a. cranium

b. gnathostome

c. amniotic egg