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1.What does ΔG of a metabolic reaction measure? the net change in free energy during a reaction the amount of heat energy gained or lost in a reaction the amount of matter transferred in a reaction the change in activation energy required in a reaction due to enzyme activity the activation energy of a reaction 2. Which of the following does a catalyst change during a chemical reaction? the free energy of the products heat entropy activation energy the free energy of the reactants 3. ATP is not the only molecule that can drive reactions. When ATP is depleted during exercise, muscle cells use phosphocreatine to drive the regeneration of ATP. Consider the following half reactions: 1. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol 2. Phosphocreatine + H2O → creatine + Pi ΔG = -10.3 kcal/mol From these two reactions, calculate the Gibbs free energy of the following coupled reaction, catalyzed by creatine kinase: Phosphocreatine + ADP → ATP + creatine ΔG = ? Which is the correct net Gibbs free energy of the reaction? ΔG = -3 kcal/mol ΔG = -17.6 kcal/mol ΔG = 0 kcal/mol ΔG = +3 kcal/mol ΔG = +17.6 kcal/mol 4. Which source of energy does active transport use? the regeneration of ATP bound to an active transport pump the hydrolysis of ATP bound to an active transport pump the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the active transport pump the transport of ATP bound to an active transport pump the transport of GTP bound to an active transport pump 5. Which is an anabolic process? protein synthesis glycolysis ATP hydrolysis protein degradation active transport 6. The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that uses energy to pump potassium into cells and sodium out of cells. Why is ATP energy required? to change the shape of the ions to transfer glucose in the same direction as Na+ ions to pump the Na+ and K+ ions along their diffusion gradient to pump the Na+ and K+ ions against their diffusion gradient for the membrane to change shape 7. Which definition best describes a cell's metabolism? the chemical reactions that break down glucose for energy the use of ATP as an energy carrier the energy level that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to move forward the burning of fat molecules for energy the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism 8. Which reaction can provide the energy needed to run an endergonic reaction? protein synthesis photosynthesis ATP hydrolysis enzyme catalysis All answers are correct. 9. Which process(es) can directly amplify signals in a transduction pathway? activating adenylyl cyclase activating kinases activating phosphatases activating phospholipase C All answers are correct. 10. What happens when protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase in the epinephrine signal transduction pathway? Phosphorylase kinase becomes deactivated, and glucose production is suppressed. Phosphorylase kinase becomes activated, and glucose production is suppressed. Phosphorylase kinase becomes deactivated, and glucose production is enhanced. Phosphorylase kinase becomes activated, and glucose production is enhanced. None of the answers are correct. 11. Which is a catabolic process? glycolysis ATP synthesis ion transport photosynthesis translation of mRNA into protein 12. Which reaction does a kinase catalyze in a signal transduction pathway? binding of a signal molecule to a receptor production of cAMP phosphorylation of a target protein All answers are correct. None of the answers are correct.
The relative electrophoretic mobilities of a thirty kd protein and a 92-kd protein used as standards on an SDS polyacrylamide gel are 0.80 and 0.41, respectively.
In SDS-Page, proteins are separated by length. If the same length proteins can fold into loose (bigger) or condensed (smaller) shapes and can even complex with other proteins. How can we make an antibody to a specific protein?
What do TATA boxes, initiators, and CpG islands have in Common? Which of these are, theoretically, easiest to identify from genomic sequences? Describe three types of post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding genes.
Extimate which well-known goat feeding strategy combined with which errors in the design and execution of digestion trials led some animal nutritionists to believe that goats
A rare genetic disease is discovered. Although only one in a million people are carriers; you consider getting screened. You are told that the test is good; it is 100% sensitive (it is always correct if you are a carrier) and 99.99% specific (it g..
Elegans is a small diploid roundworm used in genetic experiments. When essential muscle genes like actin and myosin in these worms are homozygous for mutations that disrupt the gene significantly.
what is the probabilty that a woman heterozygous for an X-linked trait will have a son with a genetic disorder if the genetic disorder is recessive? Dominant?
Identify the 6-main skeletal muscles and tell how they function. There are so many of them, I couldn't find out which are the six majors.
Consider the reaction: PCl5 (g) = PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g). The degree of dissociation is given by the fraction of PCl5 that has undergone dissociation.
Explain the role of water potential in the movement of water from soil through the plant and into the air?
You want to test whether a particular allele of the interferon gene is responsible for an immune deficiency disease. Using an assay for a restriction fragment polymorphism present in the a3 allele and absent in other interferon alleles.
Write a one to two page essay discussing the classification of viruses with the 6 kingdoms of life. Which kingdom, if any, do they belong in? Why do they belong or not belong there?
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