What differentiates fraternal twins from identical twins

Reference no: EM133277452

Set A: Genetics

Preliminary results are in from NASA's unprecedented twin study - a detailed probe of the genetic differences between astronaut Scott Kelly, who spent nearly a consecutive year in space (340 days), and his identical twin Mark, also an astronaut, who had previously flown in space for a total of 54 days (over four separate missions). Measurements taken before, during and after Scott Kelly's mission reveal changes in gene expression, DNA methylation and other biological markers that are likely to be attributable to his time in orbit. (Adapted from Nature, 2017)

Scott and Mark Kelly

A1. What differentiates fraternal twins from identical twins such as Scott and Mark? Refer to the process of fertilization and DNA in your answer.

A2. Both Scott and Mark Kelly display male baldness, an X-linked recessive trait (in general, as a simplification). Explain the difference between an autosomal vs. a sex-linked trait (or disorder) and how we can trace the twin's male baldness to their mom rather than dad.

A3. My friend recently confirmed her suspicion that she is "Italian" based on a 23andMe genetic test. Why the choice of name for this genomics company ("23andMe") and does my friend's claim make sense? Explain by referring to the theory of evolution and to specific genetics course concepts.

A4. Based on what you have learned about the field of epigenetics, how can it help explain the DNA differences found in the NASA study of the two identical twins Scott and Mark?

A5. Explain which field of specialization related to biopsychology is of most interest to you and why (e.g., neuroscience, neurology, neuropsychology, etc.). Refer to course concepts in your answer.

Reference no: EM133277452

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