What are they in general and what is their function

Reference no: EM133531207

Microbial Essentials Due date: Tuesday, June 27, 2023 The entire take-home portion is worth 25 points for the unit exam. Answer the following questions in your own words. Be detailed!! Also, please cite if you use a source other than your text or class notes.

1. Electron carriers are important to metabolism. What are they in general and what is their function? Provide a minimum of two specific examples and explain where and how they are used in metabolism.

2. You overhear a group of students debating about when a protein is denatured. One adamantly claims that when a protein is denatured, it can be expected that its secondary structure will more likely be retained when compared to all other levels of protein structure. Using your knowledge of protein structure conformation and bonding, explain in detail whether or not you agree with this student's claim and why (i.e. support your answer). 2

3. A bacterium that grows at a temperature of 37°C transports both glucose and NaCl into its cytoplasm. Which of these two substances most easily dissolves in the cytoplasm? Explain how the bonds that makeup these molecules impact their rate of disassociation. (Hint: be sure to describe the interactions between solute and solvent.)

4. In a recent news article, a reporter claims that "Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change." With your understanding of microbiology, explain, in detail and with specific examples (i.e. more than one) to back it up, why this statement is false.

5. You were recently cleaning out your refrigerator and came across an orange drink that you had forgotten was there. Curious, you decide to take a sip from it. You immediately notice that it now has an "off" taste (including a slightly tart flavor) and contains bubbles. What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink? 3

6. Recently, there was a discovery of remote mountain caves where acid leaching from the surroundings has occurred creating highly acidic aquatic pools deep inside the caves. A bacterial group has been found living in this high acid environment, but when the bacteria were taken out of this environment and put into a general nutrient broth, the organisms died. Additionally, when organisms living at a neutral pH were placed into some of this high acid liquid, they died. First, account for the inability of organisms to grow outside their pH ranges. Second, what makes it possible for these cave acidophiles to survive at low pHs when the neutrophiles cannot?

7. Scientists are concerned that bacteria will be resistant to all antibiotics within the next decade. Using your knowledge of genetics, describe and support your ideas on how bacterial populations can develop drug resistance in such a short time frame. 4 8. (4 points) Draw, completely label, and then describe what is occurring in each of the four phases of the bacterial growth curve graph. Remember to be specific and detailed.

Reference no: EM133531207

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