Reference no: EM132614516
1)(a) What are the three types of dispersion?
(b) Do dispersion patterns of populations always stay the same? Why or why not?
2)To estimate the size of a dandelion population in a schoolyard, a biology student randomly placed five 1.0 m by 1.0 m quadrats in a site that measured 40.0 m by 40.0 m. The numbers of dandelions in the quadrats were 6, 10, 2, 4, and 7.
(a) Estimate the density and size of the dandelion population in this study site.
(b) What assumptions did the student have to make when estimating the density and size of the population?
3)What are the four factors that change the number of individuals in a population, and describe how each factor affects the population.
4)(a) What is the mathematical relationship between age-specific mortality and age-specific survivorship?
(b) If the age-specific mortality of a population is 0.297, what is the age-specific survivorship?
5)List and describe three factors that could affect fecundity in a population.
6)A population of mice started with 90 individuals. Over a given time interval, there were 340 births and 45 deaths. As well, 65 individuals immigrated. There was no emigration. Calculate the population change.
7)Why is exponential growth represented by a J-shaped curve? Why is logistic growth represented by an S-shaped curve?
8)It has been a wet, warm summer in northern Ontario, and a small population of mosquitoes is exhibiting exponential growth. The initial population size is 650, and the intrinsic growth rate is 0.450 per day.
(a) Calculate the initial instantaneous growth rate for the mosquito population.
(b) Calculate the doubling time for the population.
(c) How many doubling times would have to occur for the population to exceed 1 000 000? How many days does this represent?
9)Compare and contrast density-dependent and density-independent factors using examples.
10)Identify the type of population interaction.
(a) clownfish and sea anemones
(b) schistosomes and humans
(c) blue whales and krill
(d) two trees growing close together
(e) white-tailed deer and foliage
(f) killer whales and seals
(g) cattle egrets and livestock
11)(a) Describe natality, mortality, immigration, and emigration.
(b) How do these factors affect population size and dynamics?
12)The logistic model of population growth predicts an S-shaped curve for population size over time. Which area of the curve represents the fastest growth?
13)Biotic factors that affect populations tend to be density-dependent, while abiotic factors that affect populations tend to be density-independent. Why?
14)Compare and contrast interspecific competition and intraspecific competition.
15)Describe three defence mechanisms that organisms use to avoid becoming prey, and give an example of each.
16)Humans are involved in several types of symbiotic relationships. Choose one type, and describe it using an example.
17)Climate change is caused by an increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by both natural events and human activities.
(a) How does deforestation contribute to climate change?
(b) List some ways that humans are contributing to climate change.
(c) Based on the list you made, how many of those activities are things you either do or are involved in? Suggest ways that you could reduce your personal carbon footprint.
18)List five processes that contribute to the loss of soil fertility.
19)How has the domestication of plants and animals affected the carrying capacity of Earth?
20)What happens when our demand for resources is greater than our level of biocapacity?
21)What does the ecological footprint measure?