What are the principle elements in the body

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Reference no: EM133647753

Questions:

1. What are the principle elements in the body? List the 4 major elements in order of their abundance.

2. Explain the polarity of molecules.

3. What is the major difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

4. Briefly describe the specific properties of water that make it unique.

5. What determines a molecule's solubility or lack of solubility in water?

6. When a person receives intravenous fluids to help build up blood volume, why is it important for the fluid to be isotonic?

7. Intravenous injection of KCI could be fatal. Why?

8. What is resting membrane potential?

9. What role does the sodium-potassium exchange pump play in stabilizing the resting membrane potential?

10. Describe how an ion is formed.

11. Define molarity.

12. Define the following terms: cation, anion, electrolytes, hydrophilic, hydrophobic

13. What is pH? What does it mean for a solution to be acidic or basic?

14. How are amino acids organized? What are the major categories of amino acids?

15. What are the biological consequences of excess free hydrogen ions in the blood?

16. What are the major categories of protein function?

17. What is a buffer? What are the major buffers in the blood?

18. In your own words, explain the action of G-proteins (2nd-messenger processes).

19. What are the functions of the cell membrane?

20. Describe the following terms: permeability, freely permeably, impermeable

21. Define diffusion and concentration gradient. How are they related?

22. Describe the following processes: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport and vesicular transport.

23. What is the approximate osmolarity of the extracellular fluid? Of the intracellular fluid?

24. What are the important factors that influence diffusion?

25. Define the following terms: osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, hypotonic, hypertonic, hemolysis and crenation.

26. What is the difference between a peptide and a protein?

27. What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? What is the physiological significance of ATP?

28. What types of molecules can diffuse through the plasma membrane?

29. Why is the interior of a cell at a relatively steady resting potential of -70m V?

30. During kidney dialysis, a person's blood is passed through a bath that contains several ions and molecules. The blood is separated from the dialysis fluid by a membrane that allows water, small ions, and small molecules to pass, but does not allow large proteins or blood cells to pass. What should the composition of dialysis fluid be for it to remove urea (a small molecule) without changing the blood volume (removing water from the blood)?

Reference no: EM133647753

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