Reference no: EM133662475
Problem
1) What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
2) How is pulmonary circulation different from systemic circulation?
3) What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
4) What are the differences between atria, ventricles, and valves in the heart?
5) How many are there of each and where are they located?
6) What are the differences between the functional roles of the right and left sides of the heart?
7) What is the pericardium? What are its parts? Remember to include pericardial sac, pericardium, fibrous pericardium, inner parietal layer, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, and serous fluid
8) Where are the interatrial and interventricular septums?
9) Where are the atrioventricular and semilunar valves?
10) Describe the microscopic structure of cardiac cells including form of metabolism and the function of intercalated discs.
11) What is coronary circulation?
12) Describe coronary circulation in the context of coronary sinus, cardiac veins, coronary arteries, ascending aorta, and capillary beds
13) Describe the path that an action potential would take throughout the heart - there are 5 steps that begin with the SA node
14) What systems are involved in the acceleration or inhibition of heart rate?
15) How do nodal cells use voltage-gated channels to spontaneously initiate action potentials?
16) Describe the cycle of depolarization / repolarization in SA nodal cells in three steps
17) How do cardiac cells outside of the SA node use voltage-gated channels to respond to incoming action potentials?
18) You are expected to be able to interpret an ECG as part of the lecture exam for this chapter. This information will also be a part of your lab exams.
19) List the five events of the cardiac cycle - slide 37 in the notes
20) What is cardiac output and how can it be calculated?
21) What is cardiac reserve?
22) What is stroke volume?
23) What are positive and negative chronotropic agents?