Reference no: EM133256814

1. What is Biology?
2. What is life?  Be able to describe and explain the characteristics found in living organisms.
3. What are the different levels of order in biology?
4. Describe the "Core Themes" of biology.
5. What is evolution?
6. Describe Natural Selection.
7. What are the three domains of life? 
8. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
9. Briefly, what is the scientific method? 
10. Describe the basic structure of an atom.
11. Approximately, how many elements are necessary in the human body?  Which four are the most important?
12. What is an isotope, what is radioactivity, what are some ways that biologists and medical science uses radioactivity?
13. What is the difference between a compound and an element?
14. How many electrons can the first and second electron shells hold?  What about the orbitals?  How many orbitals are part of the first and second shell and how many electron do they hold?
15. What happens to the valence shells of atoms when they form covalent bonds?  
16. How is an ionic bond (what is it and how is it formed?) different from a covalent bond?
17. What is a hydrogen bond and how do they form?  What types of molecules are involved?  What other type of non-covalent bond exists?
18. What is a chemical reaction?
19. What does it mean when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium?
20. What is water?  Describe the structure of water (including its asymmetrical shape and polarity).
21. What is electronegativity?  What is a dipole?  
22. How does water bond to itself, how does water bond to other substances?
23. How does water have the following (know what each of those terms mean):
    1. High specific heat
    2. High heat of vaporization 
    3. High surface tension
    4. Evaporative cooling
    5. Solid state (ice)  that is less dense than the liquid state
24. What is the result of each of the above properties of water in its ability to sustain life?
25. What does it mean to state that water "dissolves" substances?  What does it mean to be hydrophobic, hydrophilic and why?
26. In general terms, what is pH?  
27. What did the Miller experiment show?
28. What is organic chemistry?  What elements are most biological molecules made of?
29. Why and how does are carbon containing molecules so versatile
30. What is a hydrocarbon?  
31. What is an isomer?  How are structural isomers, cis/trans isomers and enantiomers different from each other?
32. Recognize and identify the major functional groups.
33. What are the 4 major macromolecules in Biology?
34. What is a polymer? A monomer?
35. Which biological macromolecules are polymers? Which are not?
36. What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
37. What is a Hydrolysis reaction?
38. How do biological polymers have large amounts of diversity?