Reference no: EM133541103
Cardiovascular Diseases and Medicines Workshop
QUESTIONS
What are symptoms and characteristics of heart failure?
What is systole?
What is diastole?
Define left ventricular ejection fraction
What are causes of heart failure?
Which neurohormones are increased in heart failure?
What is 'cardiac remodelling'?
What is the difference between concentric and eccentric remodelling?
What are the four stages of heart failure that define management?
Which medicines are used for the management of chronic heart failure?
What is 'decompensated' heart failure?
Which inotropic agents can be used for short term management of decompensated heart failure?
What are the reasons for acute decreases in contractility and cardiac output caused by administration of b-blockers to heart failure patients.
Explain the rationale and evidence for use of b-blockers for the management of patients with heart failure
Which of the following statements about phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is CORRECT?
(a) they activate cyclicAMP and cyclicGMP
(b) sildenafil is a selective PDE2 inhibitor
(c) selective PDE5 activators are used to increase cardiac output in patients with heart failure (d) PDE3 metabolizes cyclicAMP to inactive products
(e) PDE3 selectively activates protein kinase A (PKA) in the heart
Which of the following statements about heart failure medications is CORRECT?
(a) milrinone is a calcium sensitizer, PDE4 inhibitor and K+ ATP channel inhibitor
(b) adrenaline is used clinically to decrease blood pressure and heart rate
(c) milrinone is a PDE3 inhibitor
(d) levosimendan is an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, PDE2 inhibitor and K+ ATP channel inhibitor
(e) chronic administration of milrinone and prenalterol causes a survival benefit in patients with severe chronic heart failure
Which of the following statements about the beta-blocker carvedilol is CORRECT?
(a) it causes an increase in mortality in patients with chronic heart failure
(b) chronic administration causes an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction and survival benefit in patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
(c ) it causes remodeling in patients with heart failure
( d) it causes an increase in systolic heart rate
( e) it causes an increase in renin release