Reference no: EM133257798

Morand (2000) provides two extensive lists of types of politeness cues. What follows are the REAL examples he uses in his article from 2000. (Warning: Some may seem a bit dated, but the typologies themselves remain current.)

Tactics of negative politeness cues:

1. Tactic: Use indirect questions such as enquiries into the hearer's ability or willingness to comply
   Example: 'Can you tell me what time it is?'
2. Tactic: Use hedges: words or phrases which diminish the force of a speech act
   Example: 'Can I perhaps trouble you?'
3. Tactic: Use the subjunctive to express pessimism about hearer's ability or willingness to comply
   Example: 'Could I ask you a question?'
4. Tactic: Use words or phrases which minimize the imposition
   Example: 'I need just a little of your time.'
5. Tactic: Give deference by using honorifics such as Sir or Mr.
   Example: 'Can I help you, Sir?'
6. Tactic: Use formal word choices to indicate seriousness and to establish social distance
   Example: 'Could you tolerate a slight imposition on my part?'
7. Tactic: Apologize: admit the impingement, express reluctance
   Example: 'I am sorry to bother you, but...'
8. Tactic: Impersonalize the speaker and hearer by avoiding the pronouns 'I' and 'you'
   Example: 'Is it possible to request a favor?'
9. Tactic: Use the past tense to create distance in time
   Example: 'I had been wondering if I could ask a favor.'
10. Tactic: State the face-threatening-act as a general rule
    Example: 'Regulations require that I ask you to leave.'

Tactics of positive politeness cues:

1. Tactic: Notice hearer's admirable qualities or possessions, show interest, exaggerate
   Example: 'Nice to see you: hey, really love your new car; can I borrow it sometime?'
2. Tactic: Employ phonological slurring to convey in-group membership
   Example: 'Heya, gimme a hand, willya?'
3. Tactic: Use colloquialisms or slang to convey in-group membership
   Example: 'I know I seem like a stick-in-the-mud, but what the hell.'
4. Tactic: Use ellipsis (omission) to communicate tacit understandings
   Example: [Do you] 'Mind if I smoke?'
5. Tactic: Use first names or in-group name to insinuate familiarity
   Example: 'Hey, bud, have you gotta minute?'
6. Tactic: Claim common point of view: speaker asserts knowledge of hearer's wants or asserts that hearer has knowledge of speaker's wants
   Example: 'You know how the janitors don't like it when...'
7. Tactic: Give reasons: assert reflexivity by making activity seem reasonable to the hearer
   Example: 'I'm really late for an important appointment, so...'
8. Tactic: Use inclusive forms such as 'we' or 'let's' to include both speaker and hearer in the activity
   Example: 'We're not feeling well, are we?'
9. Tactic: Assert reciprocal exchange or tit for tat
   Example: 'Do me this favor, and I'll make it up to you.'
10. Tactic: Give something desired-gifts, sympathy, understanding
    Example: 'You look like you've had a rough week.'

Question: 

1. Some of these examples may seem a bit dated. Not many people use the terms "stick-in-the-mud," "perhaps," or "to trouble someone," although I get "Sir" all the time at stores. And you may have a different word for "bud" ("bruh?"). Look for some archaic expressions and consider how they might be updated as a way of demonstrating that while some of the examples may be stilted, the typologies remain fairly current.

2. Here are the strategies mentioned in the audio cast on politeness cues:

1. "Hiya. Hey, whaddya think about my moving into Erin's old office?"
2. "Excuse me. Are you interruptible? I was wondering if there might be some possibility that I would be considered for Erin's old office."

Focus on Strategy No. 2 (full of positive politeness cues) and Strategy No. 3 (full of negative politeness cues). Identify particular textual cues and the the different typologies used in these two strategies. (For example: "Hiya" is an example of phonological slurring).  (And note that there are multiple tactics used in each.)