Reference no: EM133315959

Questions

1. Septra DS (sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim) is prescribed for a female with a urinary tract infection. The nurse knows the mechanism for action of this antibiotic is it:

a) inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S bacterial ribosome

b) bacteriostatic drugs that inhibits protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible microorganisms

c) inhibits the growth of susceptible bacteria by preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid

d) inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall

2. While obtaining a health history, a mother explains that the pediatric patient previously received gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) for an infection. After receiving this antibiotic, the mother states that the patient experienced hearing loss. What may have been the cause of this?

a) a candidiasis infection from the medication

b) ototoxicity from the medication

c) an adverse effect due to the allergy to amoxicillin

d) nephrotoxity from the medication

3. An elderly patient was recently prescribed ciprofloxacin (a quinolone antibiotic). Which of the following potential adverse effects could occur with this antibiotic?

a) QT prolongation

b) tendon rupture

c) GI upset

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

4. Benjamin, a 57 year old client is prescribed metronidazole for an infection. The nurse is providing education to the client prior to discharge. What information should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?

a) Avoid alcohol, while on this medication to prevent a known interaction.

b) This medication will assist with your viral upper respiratory tract infection. Take fully as prescribed.

c) Wash hands vigorously with alcohol-based hand sanitizer after taking this antibiotic, as it can leave an oily residue on your hands afterwards that can be harmful.

d) Avoid lactose, while on this medication to prevent a known interaction.

5. Phil was diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Phil is started on a oral corticosteroid (prednisone) and oral antibiotic (azithromycin), for his symptoms. He uses Ventolin (salbutamol) and Atrovent (ipratropium) for his COPD as prescribed. He is also taking an H2 receptor blocker (famotidine) for his gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The patient takes a dose of glargine insulin every evening. This evening the client notices his blood glucose level is 9.4mmol/L. The next morning, the fasting glucose level is 11.2 mmol/L. What is the most likely cause of the elevated glucose levels?

a) Salbutamol

b) Azithromycin

c) Famotidine

d) Prednisone

6. A 65 year old male client, has a dry cough and is recommended to try dextromethorphan. How does the anti-tussive, dextromethorphan, work to suppress the cough?

a) By activation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

b) Through the direct action on the cough centre

c) By anaesthetizing the stretch receptors

d) By decreasing the viscosity of the bronchial secretions

7. A client is prescribed montelukast (Singulair®) for his asthma. A client inquires what this medication does?

a) It relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and opens up airways.

b) It leads to increased bronchoconstriction and reduced respiratory secretions.

c) It inhibits certain pathways, increasing the leukotrienes, thus reducing coughing, shortness of breath and wheezing.

d) It inhibits certain receptors, reducing inflammation in the airways and leads to improvements in asthma and allergic symptoms.

8. A client's caregiver explains to the nurse that she is worried that she will not know which of her child's medications to give first in case of an asthma attack. Which medication should the nurse advise the client's caregiver to provide first for an acute asthma attack?

a) salbutamol (Ventolin) - SABA

b) budesonide (Pulmicort Turbuhaler) - ICS

c) ipratropium (Atrovent®) - SAMA

d) montelukast (Singulair) - LTRA

9. Antihistamines can assist with a variety of allergic disorders. Claritin [loratadine] has ____________ sedation, compared with Benadryl [diphenhydramine]. Claritin [loratadine] also has ____________ anticholinergic activity. Lastly, Claritin [loratadine] has ___________ antihistamine efficacy, compared with Benadryl [diphenhydramine]

a) less; less; more

b) more; more; less

c) less; more; less

d) less; less; less

10. Johnny has been taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl), an antihistamine for the last 5 weeks. He finds it helps him sleep after a busy day. Which of the following is not a possible symptom of anticholinergic toxidrome?

a) dry mouth

b) confusion

c) flushed skin

d) bradycardia