Reference no: EM133317447

Assignment:

Part 1

1. Name the types of randomized controlled trials

2. Randomized controlled trials contain which components?

3. The odds ratio is a direct measure of _____ between an exposure and an outcome.

4. Give an example of a hypothetical ecologic study. Name and describe one advantage and one disadvantage of ecologic studies.

5. Describe, briefly, the challenges to the validity and biases of study designs. How do they challenge case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials.

6. In a few lines, compare and contrast internal validity and external validity. Be sure to define these terms and give one example of each.

Part 2

1. Which term describes the formal adoption of the policies, programs, and procedures that are designed to protect society from public health hazards?

2. The likelihood of experiencing an adverse effect is called a _________.

3. Do you have a smoke-free bars law in your community? What considerations led to the development of such laws in communities that have adopted them? What are three policy implications of smoke-free bars laws?

4. Explain what is meant by the risk management component of risk assessment. From your own experience, discuss how risk management applies to the regulation of pesticides for home use.

5. Describe the Tuskegee Study and discuss two ethical violations that occurred. How might current ethics guidelines for epidemiologists reduce the possibility of such violations?

Part 3

1. According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of _________.

2. Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with the host?

3. Which screening tests are most appropriate for newborns?

4. Give one example each of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of motor vehicle crashes among teenage drivers.

Part 4

1. Virulence is a measure of the ______ of a disease agent.

2. An antigen contains ______.

3. Droplet nuclei can be involved in _______ transmission of diseases.

4. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies tularemia and Ebola as category A _______ agents.

5. Give one argument for and one argument against the proposition that vaccine-preventable diseases represent a diminished hazard to society.

Part 5

1. The lifetime prevalence of major depressive episodes among U.S. adults age 17 to 39 years is ______ for men and _______ for women.

2. An anxiety disorder that some people develop after seeing or living through an event that caused or threatened serious harm or death is known as _______

3. A condition that impairs functioning in the social, communication, and behavioral domains is known as _________

4. Name some examples of Mood disorders.

5. The co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders is known as ________.

6. ______ life events can be classified as either positive or negative.

7. ______ strains are life events that are sustained over a long period of time.

8. _______ refers to help received from other people when one is under stress.

9. ___________ among veterans is linked with increased levels of both health problems and healthcare utilization.

10. Explain the trends of obesity in the United States over time. Compare the trends among children and teenagers versus adults.

11. What is the triad of disorders reported for children with severe emotional or behavioral difficulties? Discuss the implications of these disorders for the social functioning of children.

Part 6

1. In the United States (2006), ____% of the category of nonfatal occupational injury and illness consisted of injuries.

2. _______ monitors levels of excreted drugs in the sewer system in order to assess the level of illicit drug use in a community.

3. Describe two epidemiologic characteristics that are associated with Down syndrome. In your own opinion and in light of these epidemiologic associations, what preventive measures could be taken?