Reference no: EM133155646

1) Which of the following does the text not suggest is one of the three goals of science?

A) Explanation

B) Description

C) Prediction

D) Reflection

2) Which of the following is not a traditional goal of science?

A. prediction
B. application
C. description
D. explanation

3) Drs. Honey and Bumble are trying to determine which applicants will be more likely to be successful beekeepers, and which ones will be more likely to quit after only a few months. These researchers are focusing on which goal of science?

A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Explanation
D. Application

4) The degree to which the conclusions based on a research sample are applicable to a larger population is:

A. extension
B. replication
C. cross-validation
D. generalizability

5) Joel conducted a study in which he had participants work as a team to construct different vehicles out of Lego building blocks. The extent to which the results from his experiment will apply, or generalize, to the real world is referred to as:

A. External validity
B. Experimental control
C. Application validity
D. Internal validity

6) What is the first step of the empirical research cycle?

A. Statement of the problem
B. Design of the research study
C. Analysis of data
D. Measurement of variables

7) A theory is:

A) A statement that proposes to explain relationships among phenomena of interest
B) The extent to which conclusions drawn from one research study spread or apply to a larger population.
C) A plan for conducting scientific research for the purpose of learning about a phenomenon of interest.
D) A class of research methods that generates new information on a particular research question.

8) A researcher who first forms a theory and then tests the theory by collecting data is using a(n) _________ method of science.

A) inductive
B) deductive
C) parsimonious
D) variable

9) The __________ method of science starts with data and culminates in theory.

A) inductive
B) deductive
C) parsimonious
D) variable

10) After many years of observing how individuals behave and react when faced with sudden unemployment, Dr. Shore has developed the Theory of Work Stoppage to explain relationships among unemployment and emotions. Given that her conclusions used to form her theory are based on specific individuals she has observed, we can say that Dr. Shore is using what method of science?

A) Inductive
B) Deductive
C) Experimental
D) Parsimonious

11) Dr. Meldahl has been studying homeless individuals for 20 years. Her years of research have culminated in a famous theory of the psychological impact of being without a home. Because her research started with data and culminated in theory, we can say that she was using the _____ method of science.

A. inductive
B. deductive
C. experimental
D. observational

12) In the conduct of scientific research, a "theory" might best be regarded as:

A. something to be proven right or wrong
B. the outcome of the research investigation
C. a means to an end
D. the only reason to conduct the research

13) The term "external validity" is synonymous with:

A. generalizability
B. replication
C. cross-validation
D. explanation

14) The degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a particular research study are accurate or true is defined as

A. Generalizability
B. Internal validity
C. Research design
D. External validity

15) When talking about the need to move past WEIRD participants, the "W" in WEIRD stands for:

A. Wacky
B. Western
C. Wild
D. White

16) The text discusses the problem with WEIRD participants. The "E" in WEIRD stands for:

A. Energetic
B. Embarrassed
C. Educated
D. Extinct

17) Henrich and colleagues proposed that most behavioral scientists have relied to a large extent on WEIRD participants. In this acronym, what does the "R" represent?

A. Rich
B. Remorseful
C. Radical
D. Remote

18) A popular data collection tool that that has been used to recruit people online from a large, global, diverse pool of participants is:

A. SPSS
B. Mechanical Turk (MTurk)
C. DataUp
D. O*NET

19) A class of research methods that generates new information on a particular research question is known as:

A. Meta-analysis
B. Secondary research method
C. Internal validity
D. Deductive reasoning
E. Primary research method

20) In a true experiment, the researcher has a high degree of _________.

A. arrogance
B. control
C. confidence
D. training

21) Stone-Romero (2011) referred to the laboratory as a "special purpose setting" because the laboratory was created for the explicit purpose of _______________.

A. Conducting research
B. testing DNA
C. running statistical models
D. manipulating dependent variables

22) Which of the following is not true of a laboratory experiment

A. Researcher randomly assigns participants into various treatment conditions
B. A laboratory setting must mirror conditions found in the natural environment
C. The researcher has a low degree of control over the conduct of the study
D. The experimenter designs the study to test how certain aspects of an actual environment affect behavior

23) Which of the following research methods offer both a high degree of control and realism?

A. laboratory experiment
B. questionnaire
C. observation
D. quasi-experiment
E. none of the above

24) If a researcher can create pre-experimental equivalence between the groups that are being compared, then the level of _______ necessary for a true experiment has been achieved.

A. control
B. replicability
C. generalizability
D. independent variability

25) In a true experiment, it is necessary to have ____________ in order to create the pre-experimental equivalence between groups that are being compared.

A. double-blind researchers
B. randomization
C. external validity
D. sufficient realism

26) The warning found on packs of cigarettes that "smoking causes cancer" implies which of the following methods was used in conducting the research upon which this warning is based?

A. true experiment
B. quasi-experiment
C. questionnaire
D. observation

27) While a true experiment is the gold standard due to the high level of control, the ________ is the silver.

A. quasi-experiment
B. meta-analysis
C. non-experiment
D. qualitative study

28) There is as trade-off between control and _________ for true experiments.

A. efficiency
B. power
C. realism
D. engagement

29) A statistical procedure designed to combine the results of many individual, independently conducted empirical studies into a single result or outcome.

A. Meta-analysis
B. Levels of analysis
C. Primary Research
D. Data mining

30) If a researcher quantitatively integrated the results of 40 studies on a given topic, then the research method most likely used was.

A. a meta-analysis
B. a quasi-experiment
C. an ethnographic study
D. a qualitative analysis

31) A secondary research method that involves the extraction of information from existing information is:

A. non-experiment
B. true experiment
C. archival research
D. focus group

32) Roux is interested in whether there is a relationship between full moons and absenteeism at work. To determine this, she gathers employment records from three local businesses and compares the absenteeism data for dates that correspond with past full moons. What type of research method is Roux using?

A. archival research
B. meta-analysis
C. observation
D. data mining

33) A term that is synonymous with meta-analysis is:

A. structured observation
B. a study of studies
C. primary induction
D. categorical ordering of variables

34) The expression "you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear" is reflective of which statement that is often used to express a criticism of meta-analysis?

A. Easy come, easy go
B. Win some, lose some
C. Garbage in, garbage out
D. Give and take

35) A meta-analysis increases the likelihood of achieving more accurate conclusions than could be reached in an individual study by _________________.

A. reducing errors of measurement
B. increasing standard deviations
C. eliminating subjective biases
D. incorporating multi-level data into analyses

36) If one original study examined the individual attitudes of employees in a work teams and another original study examined the attitudes of different teams working with each other, the two studies differ in:

A. Randomization
B. Level of analysis
C. Generalizability
D. Control

37) A meta-analysis that combines original studies conducted on individuals, teams, organizations, and nations would reach distorted conclusions produced by differing:

A. sample sizes
B. ethnic or gender proportions
C. levels of analysis
D. measurement accuracy

38) Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of big data?

A. immense volume
B. velocity
C. qualitative
D. variety

39) In data mining, a statistic that is based on the probability of two (or more) items being paired together is called a(n):

A. correlation coefficient
B. affinity index
C. correspondence index
D. we-ness coefficient

40) Applying good __________ techniques can help convey key messages about patterns effectively and intuitively.

A. data visualization
B. research
C. qualitative
D. neuropsychological