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The Na -glucose symport system of intestinal epithelial cells couples the \"downhill\" transport of two Na ions into the cell to the \"uphill\" transport of glucose, pumping glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient. If the Na concentration outside the cell ([Na ]out) is 141 mM and that inside the cell ([Na ]in) is 19.0 mM, and the cell potential is -54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum ratio of [glucose]in to [glucose]out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. HINT The maximum energy (or work) available from the transport of Na ions into the cell consists of two parts, that available from the transport down the chemical gradient, and that available from the transport down the electrical gradient, where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, Z is the charge on the ion ( 1), F is the Faraday constant (96.5 kJ/(mol·V), and ?? is the membrane potential. Delta G = RTln (Na in/ Na out) and Delta G = Z x F x delta sigh, where Z is the charge on the ion (+1) and F is faradays constant (96.5 kJ/mol X v) The minimum energy (or work) needed to pump glucose against a concentration gradient is given by: Delta G = RTln( glucose in/ glucose out)
which is limiting reagent when 42.0g of propane , C3H8, is burned with 115g of oxygen ? how many liters gaseous water are produced at STP
Sodium thisulfate, Na2S2O3, is used as a fixer when developing photographic film. What is the mass in grams of Na2S2O3 needed to make 100ml of a 0.25 solution?
Determine how many moles of each Na+ and Cl- are in 1.00L of the saline solution?
Calculate the temperature change which will be caused by the following process: 0.640 moles of NH4Cl are dissolved in 1.00 L of water.
Calculate the amount of solution that contains 8.0g calcium cloride (CaCl2) from 35% solution of CaCl2?
A 550 mL volume of hydrogen chloride gas, HCl, is collcted at 27 degrees C and 790 mm Hg. What volume will it occupy at STP?
Mixture where particles remain in semipermeable membrane, Particles of this mixture remain inside a semipermeable membrane. What is it Solution, colloid or suspension?
Determine How many moles each are in 1.30L of the saline solution if a physiological saline solution contains 174mEq/L each of Na+ and Cl - .
25.2 mL of qater are placed in a graduated cylinder. A 22.6 g stone is dropped in, and the water level rises to 32.4 mL. Find the stone's density.
how many moles O2 of are present? (The mole fraction of in dry air is 0.2095.) How many grams of C8H18 could be combusted by this quantity of O2
A gas occupies 1.55 L at 0.80 atm. What pressure would the gas exert if the volume were allowed to increase to 3.50 L?
What is the molarity of a nitric acid solution if 43.53 mL 0.1000 M KOH solution is needed to neutralize 20.00 mL of the acid solution
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