Reference no: EM131696192

Write a One-Page Reaction Paper on the concept of "Geographic Data", as per the Video Lecture, and include its significance relating to 1) Crime Analysis, and 2) Crime Mapping. Please utilize clear, concise detail in your response and reaction.

NOTES:

Repeat Incidents

Most prevalent type of data regarding the aspect of Crime Analysis and Mapping

Concept of Problem Solving

Begins with identifying addresses with multiple calls for service due to ongoing disorder and quality of life issues

Analysis- WHY?

1. Understanding the cause of the repeat incident activity

2. Requirement: Conducting qualitative data collection (interviews) before resolving issue through a response (follow-ups)

3. Developing the Repeat Incident Report

a. Time period of the report: Two to four weeks; rolling

b. Number of calls that constitutes a repeat incident

4. Repeat Incident Data Collection

Calls for service data are used to identify repeat incident locations

Relating to disorder, quality of life, and interpersonal disputes

Tactical Crime Data Analysis

How, when, and where crimes have occurred

Mixed-Methods data such as date, time, location, and type of crime

The types of crimes most often examined include the following:

Theft from Vehicle

Auto theft

Grand Theft

Vandalism

Commercial burglary

Residential burglary

Indecent exposure

Public sexual indecency

Rape

Robbery

Not typically used to examine crimes in which the victim and offender know each other

Assists in the recognition of what the Threshold is for specific offenses.

Crime Report Data

Modus Operandi: a Latin term meaning literally "method of procedure," refers to the method of the crime:

What: the type of crime

How: how the crime was carried out

Point of entry: where the suspect(s) entered the property

Method of entry: how the suspect(s) entered the location

Suspect's actions: what the suspect(s) did during the crime

Action against property: what the suspect(s) did to the property

Object of attack: the type of person or property attacked

Method of departure: how the suspect(s) left the scene

Weapon type: the type(s) of weapon(s) used in the commission of the crime

Property taken: the items stolen during the commission of the crime

Where: where the crime was committed.

Address: the exact address where the crime occurred

Address name: the commercial name, if any, of where the crime occurred

Type of location: the category of location where the crime occurred

Area: area in which the crime occurred

When: when the crime was committed.

Exact time and date of the crime: used when the exact time and date are known; typically for persons crimes

First date and time: the first possible date and time the crime could have occurred (beginning of a time span); typically for property crimes that are not witnessed

Last date and time: the last possible date and time the crime could have occurred (end of a time span)

Qualitative information about crime incidents may also be included in a tactical crime analysis database

Field Information

Not all types of incidents in which officers collect field information are useful for Pattern Analysis

Example: identifying potential leads or individuals who are continually being contacted by the police for suspicious behavior

Four types of field information are most relevant in Tactical Crime Analysis:

Suspicious person(s)

Suspicious vehicle(s)

Person(s) warned for trespassing

Individuals with unique scars, marks, or tattoos

The data collected about an incident includes general information about the characteristics of the incident, the person, and the vehicle involved (if applicable)

Persons Data: About a person involved in a crime

Type of contact: the classification of the individual within the crime incident

Investigative lead: a person who is a potential suspect for a crime

Mention: a person mentioned in the report

Suspect: a person who was seen committing the crime or about whom there is enough evidence to "suspect" he or she committed the crime

Known offender: a person who has been convicted, not just arrested, for any crime other than a sex offense

Sex offender: a person who has been convicted, not just arrested, for a sex offense

Victim: a person who is the victim of the crime

Witness: a person who is able to provide information about the crime

ALL need : Name/address/date of birth: the name, address, and birth date of the individual, when these are known, as well as any aliases

Physical description: a description of the person's static physical characteristics

Age: computed from the date of birth or a range for a suspect whose birthday is not known

Sex (male or female): based on driver's license information of a known person or on a witness description

Height: observed by an officer or a range based on a witness description

Weight: observed by an officer or a range based on a witness description

Eye color: observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Race/ethnicity: based on the person's self-classification on his or her driver's license or on a witness description

Build: the general body type; officer's observation or a witness description

Teeth condition: the nature of the individual's teeth observed

Hand use: whether the individual used one hand or another dominantly

Scars, tattoos, marks, or other distinguishing characteristics: permanent unique visible characteristics observed

Physical condition: a description of characteristics of the person that are not static

Hair color: observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Hair length: observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Physical condition: the immediate physical condition of the person, observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Facial hair: the type of facial hair, observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Appearance: the individual's general appearance, observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Complexion: the texture and tone of an individual's skin, observed by an officer or based on a witness description

Speech: how the individual spoke during the crime, based on a witness description

Photograph of the person is attached to the case record when available

Qualitative information describing anything unique about the person that may not be covered by the previous characteristics or that provides further explanation

Vehicle data

The third general category of information collected for pattern analysis concerns vehicles as they often serve key roles in the commission of crimes.

Offenders can use vehicles as:

transportation to and from the locations of their crimes

as weapons, or;

as methods of entry

Stolen vehicles are often used in the commission of crime.

Three types of information are collected about/from vehicles:

official information

physical description of vehicle used

the nature of the vehicle at the time of the incident.

The official information on a vehicle consists of its vehicle identification number, or VIN, which is a unique identifier, and;

The license plate number and state of issue.

The physical description of a vehicle includes the make, model, style, color, the model year, and the general type of vehicle.

The nature of the vehicle at the time of the incident includes its status and any other information about the current condition of the vehicle.