Reference no: EM13840171
1. Blood buffers primarily work by preventing marked changes in:
a. acids.
b. pH.
2. Hyperkalemia is a(n) __________-normal level of __________ in the blood.
a. above; sodium
b. below; sodium
c. above; calcium
d. above; potassium
3. The inner portion of the kidney is called the:
a. renal pelvis.
b. renal medulla.
c. renal cortex.
d. calyx.
4. Fixed acids are mainly buffered by:
a. plasma proteins.
b. sodium bicarbonate.
5. The kidneys function to:
a. excrete toxins and nitrogenous wastes.
b. regulate levels of many mineral ions in the blood.
c. maintain water balance.
d. All of the choices apply
6. The mechanism for voiding that normally allows micturition to occur is:
a. the relaxation of the internal sphincter.
b. the contraction of the muscles of the bladder.
c. the relaxation of the external sphincter.
d. parasympathetic impulse sent to the bladder.
7. The outermost layer of the kidney is called the:
a. renal pelvis.
b. renal medulla.
c. renal cortex.
d. calyx
8. The male urethra passes through the:
a. prostate gland.
b. spermatic cord.
c. bulbourethral glands.
d. ejaculatory duct.
9. A solution with a pH of 3:
a. is an acid solution.
b. is an alkaline solution.
c. has more OH- ions than H+ ions.
d. is both an acid solution and an alkaline solution.
10. Which type of body tissue contains the least amount of water?
a. Adipose tissue
b. Bone tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nerve tissue
11. If an individual takes nothing by mouth for days his fluid output will:
a. eventually become nothing.
b. continue but decrease dramatically.
12. __________ is a positively charged ion.
a. Na
b. Cl
13. An increase in the base bicarbonate: carbonic acid ratio (40:1) that is not corrected by the body causes:
a. uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.
b. compensated metabolic acidosis.
14. The percentage of body weight represented by water is greater in:
a. an adult male.
b. a newborn infant.
15. Which of the following is incorrect regarding chronic renal failure?
a. Stage one may be asymptomatic and may last for years.
b. Stage two is often called renal insufficiency.
c. Stage three is called uremic syndrome.
d. Stage four is characterized by a very high BUN value and oliguria.
16. The function of the urinary bladder is to:
a. serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body.
b. serve as a passage of male reproductive fluid.
c. drain urine from the renal pelvis.
d. None of the choices apply
17. Which term does not refer to the passage of urine from the body or the emptying of the bladder?
a. Micturition
b. Voiding
c. Urination
d. Urinary meatus
18. A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to:
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. stay the same.
19. A water solution with a pH of 7:
a. is an acid.
b. has equal numbers of OH- and H+ ions.
c. is a base.
d. contains neither OH- nor H+
20. The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the:
a. urethra.
b. collecting tube.
c. ureter.
d. bladder.
21. The __________ a powerful physiological buffering system.
a. skin is
b. kidneys are
22. Urine formation involves all of the following processes, except:
a. filtration.
b. catabolism.
c. reabsorption.
d. secretion.
23. The shape of the kidney could best be described as:
a. bean-shaped.
b. pear-shaped.
c. pen-shaped.
d. potato-shaped.
24. The normal ratio of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid is:
a. 10:1.
b. 20:1.
25. A scanty amount of urine is:
a. anuria.
b. oliguria.
c. polyuria.
d. glycosuria.