Reference no: EM131131264

ETHC 445 Final Exam

1. The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be allowed or assisted for the greater happiness of all concerned reflects what type of ethics?

Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean

Kant's Categorical Imperative (in the 2nd Formulation)

Thomas Aquinas's concept of conscience

Rand's concept of self-interest

Mill's Principle of Utility

2.  What is the moral ideal of prudence?

Taking a traditional approach to problematic situations

Choosing behavior judiciously by consulting experience

Taking care to slow down decision making

Avoiding risks

Resisting impulsiveness

3. One of the common errors in Ethics is unwarranted assumptions. Unwarranted assumptions consist of what?

Preconceptions before ethical dilemmas are confronted

Failing to read carefully and with attention to detail

Taking too much for granted

Speculating apart from information

Treating case studies carelessly

4.  Prescriptive language used in ethical discussions is characterized by which of the following words?

Cannot be 

Could be 

Used to be 

Should be

Must be

5. Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests.

Utilitarianism

Kant's Categorical Imperative

Social Contract Theory

Ethical Egoism

Gilligan

6.  "The right thing to do is to follow the rules that rational, self-interested people can agree to establish for their mutual benefit." This is a belief of what?
Ethical Egoism

Utilitarianism

Kant's Categorical Imperative

Social Contract Theory

Marxism

7. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created through a congressional enabling act as a governmental agency to act on the concerns voiced by environmental ethicists. Their actions include all of the following except for which one?

Subpoena regulation offenders

Monitor situations of environmental concern

Fine offenders

Sponsor new legislation on environmental issues

Confiscate property of offenders

8. Where in our course does the following phrase apply: "The only thing good without qualification is a good will"?

Personal habits of excellence according to Plato

The social contract according to Locke

Deontological ethics according to Mill

Natural law ethics according to Aquinas

Deontological ethics according to Kant

9. Which ethical concept is organized and directed toward following the greatest happiness principle?

Natural ethics and law

Justice and mercy

Rights and responsibilities

Virtue-ethics of excellence

Principle of utility

10. What is the purpose of proving whether a syllogism of formal logic is "valid"?

To identify the connecting phrase "therefore" or a synonym of it before proceeding further

To determine whether the situation described is accurate

To determine whether the premises are true before continuing

To determine whether the conclusion proceeds from the premises

To determine that there are only two premise statements in the syllogism

11. Solving a dilemma involves realizing what aspect of it?

You will never be satisfied that the right choice was made

Some choices of action are more realistic than others

In deciding to choose one action, the other possible choices will be lost

Not everybody involved will be happy with the choice

There may be significant personal costs to choosing

12.  Where did Thomas Aquinas say that conscience originates?

Through the hard work of reasoning

Direct gift from God in all cultures through natural law

An a priori source

By observing the objects and actions of the world

An empirical response of guilt for past actions

13.The single criterion for making decisions in utilitarian ethics is what?

The experience of pleasure

Accounting for unintended consequences

Fiduciary interests to be honored

The amount of happiness produced

The principle to be honored

14. The Social Contract theorist whose troubled childhood was most clearly reflected in his theories was who?

Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Jefferson

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

15. Kant's concern that people choose to observe universal laws as their duty is expressed through what actions?

Their habits

Their maxims

Their desires

Their loves

Their loyalties

16.  Personal development and discovery through the repetition of good acts and study of virtue characterizes what ethicist?
Plato

Aristotle

Luther

Augustine

Socrates

17.  Professional codes of ethics and conduct provide what benefit for individuals who aspire to join the professions?

Scholarships of financial assistance

Background checking

Examples of ethical violations

Guidance to professional schools of the examination requirements for licensing

Assurance of employment and salary standards

18. Aristotle's Ethical Doctrine of the Mean measured personal virtues on a scale that included the virtue itself, the excess of it, and the deficiency of it. 

If the virtue is COURAGE and the deficiency is COWARDICE, what is the excess?

Wisdom

Moderation

There is no excess

Recklessness

Love

19. In personal or organizational conflict, what benefits accrue to all parties when a leader or consultant employees one of the ethical conflict resolution models of Week 6?

Objectives of what winning the conflict means get refined and better understood

Conflict management gets slowed down and settled.

Conflict can be handled in a sequential, step-by-step manner ?

Parties can be reconciled without solving the issues

Personal relationships can be separated from issues

20. The Latin term a priori describes the origin of knowledge developed rationally, and the term a posteriori describes knowledge developed through observation and experience. What is an example of ethics is best described as discovered in an apostiori manner?

Social ethics

Care-based ethics

Consequentialist ethics

Theological ethics

Operational ethics