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Introduction The goal of this homework is to understand the design trade-offs and interactions in a solar cell. A simple design can be done using the closed form diode equations, but calculations of the optical properties and short circuit require computer calculations, and hence we will use the solar cell PC1D design program to calculate the solar cell efficiency. Your starting point will be the cell described in the file: Basic_Solar_Cell.prm available in the PC1D directory. Note that for the PC1D files, you may not vary any of the parameters in PC1D, except as specified in the project. As output, save the PC1D *.prm files in the PC1D directory. Please make sure to name the *.prm files such that they can be readily identified when we look for them, and note in your report what they are called. When you have finished the project, copy and save the entire PC1D directory to another, higher level directory labeled with you name, and submit it. It is well understood that the light source would be an intensity of 100 mW/cm2 with AM1.5G spectrum. Characterization is done at 25oC. Part 1: Closed Form Equations vs computer calculations Calculate Jo, Jsc (using the constant generation approximation in your notes) and Voc for the parameters in the cell.prm file you'll generate or with those of the cell described in the Basic_Solar_Cell.prm. Compare calculated Jo, Jsc and Voc with those obtained using PC1D. How close are they, and what accounts for the differences? Change the emitter doping profile in PC1D to a Gaussian and repeat the comparison. Part2: Emitter Optimization Using the parameters in Basic_Solar_Cell.prm assume a Gaussian emitter profile, design and change the emitter doping and thickness to modify the emitter sheet resistance between 60 and 200 ?/square. The minimum emitter thickness is 0.2 microns. a) What are the emitter parameters that lead to maximum efficiency? Physically explain your results and justify why the maximum occurs at the values it does. Check the impact of the emitter sheet resistance on the resistive loss using PVlighthouse calculator. b) Investigate the impact of the front surface recombination velocity on the result in a). How does it change if Sfront is varied from 100 cm/s to 105 cm/s. Explain physically and check your physical explanation using PC1D. Part 3: Back Surface Field To reduce the effects of a rear recombination velocity, a back surface field (BSF) is implemented, consisting of a thin heavily diffused region at the rear of the solar cell. Include a BSF into PC1D, and do an optimization for the thickness and doping. The maximum BSF thickness is 3 microns. a) What are the optimum BSF parameters? Physically explain the trade-offs in the BSF design. b) From the energy band diagram or a solar cell with a back surface field, explain how the surface passivation works. Part 4: Base doping, thickness and minority carrier lifetime The base doping is initially set to 1 Ohm-cm material, which is a typical value for a commercial solar cell. a) Change the base doping concentration (resistivity) and determine the optimum base doping from PC1D simulations with dopant dependent lifetime model turned-on. c) Change the base thickness and determine its impact on the cell parameters. d) Check the impact of the coupled base thickness-back surface recombination velocity on the cell parameters. Part 5: Surface texturing and ARC Apply surface texturing and optimize antireflection coating to get the maximum short circuit current and efficiency Part 6 Wrap up your results and for the optimum cell design provide: 1. The cell parameters 2. The cell I-V-P characteristics under illumination 3. The cell external quantum efficiency 4. The cell spectral response 5. The cell dark I-V characteristics
Calculate and plot the required current and the resulting voltage Va that should be applied to the armature terminals of the machine. As intermediate steps, calculate and plot Ea, the required electromagnetic torque Tem from the motor, and the cur..
Suppose that we are designing a cardiac pacemaker circuit. The circuit is required to deliver pulses of 1-ms duration to theheart, which can be modeled as a 500-Ω resistance. The peak amplitude of the pulses is required to be 5 V.
A 40 kHz sinusoidal voltage has zero phase angle and a maximum amplitude of 2.5 mV. When this voltage is applied across theterminals of a capacitor the resulting steady-statecurrent has a maximum amplitude of 125.67μA
Design an inverting singe stage low pass filter with gain = 40 dB, Rin = 10 kΩ , corner frequency of 50 Hz. Determine the max and min gain and the corne frequency for the component tolerances of 5%/ Plot gain vs frequency (Hz) with frequency on a ..
A 10 GHz radio link is established between two antennas separated by 40 Km , find the necessary height of the antennas , assume equal antenna heights and standard atmospheric conditions.
Second order unity gain Tschebyscheff low pass filter. The task is to design a second order unity gain. Tschebyscheff low pass filter with a corner frequency of fc = 12.5kHz and a 3dB passband ripple. Determine C1, C2, R1, and R2.
the decimal digits 0 to 9 are represented by an 8421bcd code.derive a boolean expression for a logic circuit which
a) At what time t1/2 have half the atoms decayed b) How many atoms have decayed at t = 40 ns c) Draw a graph of Nexc as a function of time. Show in the graph the lifetime, 1t1/2, 2t1/2, 3t1/2 and 4t1/2.
afigure q1.1 illustrates a three-phase power system in which an ideal three-phase ac generator with an abc phase
Assume that at this point when Av*β = 1, phase shift due to the amplifier is 120 degrees. A 0.001 micro farad capacitor is added in parallel with Rf in the feedback circuit. What is the new phase shift at the frequency where Av*β = 1
A STAIRCASE LIGHT IS CONTROLLED BY TWO SWITCHES, ONE AT THE TOP OF THE STAIRS AND THE ANOTHER AT THE BOTTOM OF THE STAIRS. A)MAKE A TRUTH TABLE FOR THIS SYSTEM
Compute the complex power S (in polar form) drawn by a certain load if it is known that (a) it draws 100 Waverage power at a lagging PF of 0.75; (b) it draws a current I = 9 + j5 A rms when connected to the voltage 120/32 V rms
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