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After the genomes of multiple Homo neanderthalensis individuals were sequenced, it became clear that this species diverged from the Homo sapiens lineage about 540,000 years ago. The two species evolved separately until about 40,000 years ago when they encountered one another again in the region that would become Europe. The Neantherthals became extinct around 30,000 years ago. Please answer the following questions about genomes and genes for these species. 2A. The single nucleotide mutation rate in both species is about 1 per 109 base pair per year. With a genome size of 3 billion base pairs, how many fixed single nucleotide differences would you expect to see between the two genomes when the two species first encountered each other? Explain your calculations. 2B. In the genomes of modern Europeans, remnants of the Neanderthal genome now can be identified (i.e. many Neanderthal- specific mutations can be seen in the human genomes). How can we be sure this is "Neanderthal DNA" in the human genome and not just a bunch of mutations that occurred independently at different times in the human lineage? 2C. Why are there no remnants of the Neandertal Y-chromosome in the modern human population?
Which statements about the cell cycle is NOT true?
Estimate what type of bond joins one strand of a DNA duplex to the other strand and what term is used to describe the pattern of base pairing between one DNA strand and its partner in a duplex?
How is the transfer of energy different between organisms that fluoresce and those that are luminescent?
In a study of intraspecific aggression, an experimenter finds that sixteen out of 23 animals tested in species A exhibit aggression,
The onion plant began as a single cell. That cell had X number of chromosomes. (the exact number does not matter, we will just call that number X). How many chromosomes are in each of the cells that you observed? (give the answer in terms of X). H..
Compare the effects of this mutation with the effects of cholera toxin.why G-protein linked receptors activate G proteins.
The population of two hundred individuals goes through a generation of reproduction in which all HWE assumptions are met except for finite population size.
Explain how the structure of the digestive tract in different invertebrate groups affects the size of the organisms they can eat.
Blindness is an autosomal dominant disorder in puppies. B or b are used to represent the gene that causes blindness. Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder in puppies.
Some anaerobic bacteria use an alternative pathway for glucose catabolism, as shown in the attached figure, that converts glucose to acetate rather than pyruvate - Draw the structures for the intermediates B, F, G, H, and I. Include the other react..
Explain the three kinds of the mammals based upon how their young grows.Explain briefly the functions of sensory neurons, inter-neurons, and motor neurons in nervous system.
The investigators also noted that 35 of the men had withdrawn from the study at the third evaluation. Based on this information, calculate and interpret the incidence density rate of prostate cancer in this group.
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