Reference no: EM133484965

Question

1. The classic medical triage system, which prioritizes benefit to the collective over efforts to benefit individuals, is an example of which concept?

Beneficence

Altruism

Nonmaleficence

Rationing

2. Following the thalidomide scandal, Congress in 1962 unanimously gave the FDA new powers to assess not only the toxicity but also efficacy of new drugs prior to approval, creating which of the following safeguards?

It recognizes the need for informed consent before drugs are approved and administered.

It champions non-maleficence as the primary ethical concern in conducting drug trials involving children.

It protects against injuries to patients and prevents exploitation of those who are seriously ill.

It applies the four bioethical principles to use of pharmaceuticals.

3. Proponents of principlism argue that in cases of conflict or indeterminacy, one should:

Balance and specify the principles

Choose the option that provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Shift to casuistry approach

Defer to a patient's expressed wishes

4. Which is NOT true of ethical casuistry?

It begins by posing specific questions of actual cases

It uses both contextual reasoning and analogies to well-established cases

It worries that beginning with general principles may support fanaticism

It embraces generality

5. This bioethical approach applies mid-level principles that are accepted by a wide range of moral traditions and relevant to reasoning through actual bioethical dilemmas.

Ethical principlism

Care ethic

Feminist bioethics

Clinical ethical consultation

6. In the 1970s, following the Quinlan case, many hospitals established institutional review boards (IRBs) to help resolve medical and ethical disagreements before they enter the legal system.

True

False