Reference no: EM132833254
Controversial research refers to any research program that examines a socially, politically or morally taboo topic. One common example is research within the biomedical and cognitive sciences that examines the relationship between race or gender, and intellectual capacity. Such research is viewed as controversial for two reasons: first, attempting to establish such a relationship seems already assume that race and gender are biological categories, as opposed to social constructs. (For this reason, sociological research on this topic is viewed as less controversial.) The second, and more frequently discussed reason, is that such research may reinforce and promote racist and sexist stereotypes about nonwhites and women. The central issue here is that the purpose of science is to promote the public good - it is meant to cultivate and develop new knowledge that will allow society to progress and move forward. The ideal of progress, however, seems at odds with the possibility of conducting research that may reinforce antisocial attitudes. Yet, at the same time, one may argue that such research may provide useful knowledge, and even help address racial and gender inequalities with regards educational attainment.
A. For David Pittenger, controversial research topics raise novel questions about the norms that should dictate how scientific knowledge is produced. Explain Pittenger's position on the Rind et al. study. In doing so, be sure to explain whether or not he believes the research should be censored, and the reasons for his position.
B. Similar to controversial research, dual-use research raises unique ethical challenges about censorship. Explain the kinds of issues raised by dual-use research, and Louise Bezuidenhout's account of the tension between intellectual freedom and control raised by dual-use research.
C. Do you think that controversial research a should be censored? What about dual-use research? If you believe either should be subject to censorship, then who do you think should make that determination? Either way, be sure to defend your position.