Reference no: EM132416857

1. Organisms must be capable of avoiding, and/or defending against, various types of environmental threats to survive. Respond to each of the following:

a). Describe what mimicry is and how it can be used as a defense against predation. Include TWO examples.

b). Describe ONE way in which plants can protect themselves against predation.

c). Explain TWO types of nonspecific defenses that prevent the entry and/or establishment of a pathogen in the human body and give a specific example of each.

2. A scientist performed an experiment on a species of small freshwater fish to determine their behavioral responses to different water temperatures. Twenty fish were each tested once, one at a time.

To begin the experiment, one fish was removed from a stock tank (with a constant temperature of 21°C) and placed into a temperature-gradient tank. In the temperature-gradient tank, there are five sections, each maintaining a different temperature. After 30 minutes, to give the fish a chance to acclimate to the new tank, the experimenter would record the section where the fish was located. Six more observations were made for this fish, at five- minute intervals. This same procedure was repeated for the other 19 fish. The results of the experiment for all 20 fish are summarized in the data table below:

Section Fish Per Section

A 18

B 22

C 68

D 24

E 8

a). Summarize the outcome of the experiment.

b). Identify two variables that were not specifically controlled in this experiment and describe how each variable may have affected the results.

c). Discuss ONE way in which temperature could affect the physiology of the fish in this experiment.