Reference no: EM133316334

Question

1. List three reasons that caused and/or enabled the boom in European ocean exploration in the 15th century.

2. How is the Indian Ocean different from the Atlantic or the Pacific? List three reasons.

3. a) Describe three ways in which seawater can be desalinated.

b) Which process is most economical?

c) Which process does not completely desalinate seawater?

4. Describe the first comprehensive scientific cruise/study of the ocean. Items to cover: when did it take place, what was the name of the ship, what country undertook the expedition, what types of samples were taken.

5. Summarize the operation of plate tectonics. What are the three types of plate boundaries? What happens at each?

6. List the two major gases in the atmosphere with their % and two other (minor or trace) components.

7. Contrast the normal ocean circulation in equatorial Pacific with that during El Niño.

8. What happens to waves as they go from deep to shallow water? Discuss three wave parameters.

9. Compare and contrast spring and neap tides. When does each occur?

10. What factors affect seawater density? How is the ocean density stratified? What names are given to the layers and how much of the ocean is included in the deepest layer?

11. Describe photosynthesis, its reactants and products. Why is photosynthesis so important for marine life?

12. List some areas of the ocean that exhibit a large amount of photosynthesis (primary production). What is common to all those areas?

13. How does biomagnification work? What substances are involved? Can humans be affected?

14. Define eutrophication. Why is it a problem?

15. What are the three main types of particles in marine sediments? What is the source of each?