Reference no: EM133308341
Document 1: Spherical Astrolabe
This is a painting of a spherical astrolabe, an Islamic tool for sea navigation. Improved literacy and university education increased attention to sea-based travel. Trade networks opened by Portuguese and Italian merchants supported the exchange of this type of technology between Europe and Asia.
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2. What is the message or main idea of the document?
3. How does the historical context influence the message of the document?
4. Does this document corroborate (support) or contradict the others? Why or why not?
5. How might this document help you answer the focus question?
Document 2: Historic Map of Venice, 1565
This painting from 1565 shows ships in Venice, Italy, an Italian city-state in the Mediterranean Sea. The culture and experience of Venetians supported their maritime backgrounds, as did the design of their port city-state
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3. How does the historical context influence the message of the document?
4. Does this document corroborate (support) or contradict the others? Why or why not?
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Document 3: Map of Portuguese Discoveries and Explorations
This map of Portuguese Discoveries and Explorations from 1415-1543 shows routes around the oceans of the world and spice trade in and out of the Indian Ocean. By the mid-16th century, the Portuguese had expanded their trade networks along the coasts of Africa and into the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asian waters.
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3. How does the historical context influence the message of the document?
4. Does this document corroborate (support) or contradict the others? Why or why not?
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Document 4: Reasons for Portugal's Sea-Based Trade
Historical documents have allowed historians to create detailed reports on the role of Portuguese trade in the availability of luxury goods in Europe. Cynthia Gladen wrote this trade product essay while at the University of Minnesota while working on her doctorate. She is experienced in university teaching and academic research.
Following Vasco da Gama's voyage around Africa to India in 1497, Portugal controlled most of the important sources of spices in India. The majority of pepper, however, and all of the nutmeg, mace, and cloves came from the spice islands, which Portuguese began the process of conquering in about 1512. The Portuguese were quick to enter into treaties with the local sultans who controlled the spice trade. On the island of Ternate, the principal clove-growing island, the Portuguese signed a treaty with the Sultan of Ternate and began establishing warehouses for the collection and storage of cloves to be shipped back to Europe.
For the next 100 years, the Portuguese had a complete monopoly over the clove trade.
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3. How does the historical context influence the message of the document?
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Document 5: Gulden Gulden Groschen Silver Coin groschen Silver Coin
Seen here is a gulden groschen, a silver coin used as money, first in southern Europe. As it became widely popular and accepted throughout Europe, Italian merchants increasingly profited from the sales of luxury goods made available by Mediterranean trade with merchants from Africa and Asia.
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2. What is the message or main idea of the document?
3. How does the historical context influence the message of the document?
4. Does this document corroborate (support) or contradict the others? Why or why not?
5. How might this document help you answer the focus question?
Document 6: Venetian Fort on Mediterranean Coast
This photograph shows a Venetian fort on the Greek coast that overlooked trade routes along the Mediterranean. Military protection improved security for Venetian merchants.
1. Identify the source and type of document.
2. What is the message or main idea of the document?
3. How does the historical context influence the message of the document?
4. Does this document corroborate (support) or contradict the others? Why or why not?
5. How might this document help you answer the focus question?
Focus Question: How did Portugal and Italian city-states affect travel and trade during the early modern period?
Think about the factors that expanded global connectedness.
Think about the impact of European access to foreign goods and trade.