Reference no: EM133345984
Questions
1. When we look for some antecedent condition that is common to each occurrence of an event for which a cause is sought, we are using:
The method of residues
the method of concomitant variation
the method of agreement
the joint method of agreement and difference
the method of difference
2. "Whenever the weather becomes warmer and drier my arthritis becomes less severe. Whenever the weather becomes cooler and damper my arthritis grows more severe. I've talked about this with others in my arthritis support group and found that this is true for them too. Therefore, cool, damp weather is a cause of worsening arthritic symptoms." This kind of reasoning is a specimen of:
the joint method of agreement and difference
The method of residues
the method of concomitant variation
the method of difference
the method of agreement
3. A probabilistic cause is one where:
if it is present, the effect occurs
if it is present, the effect is more likely to occur than if it is absent
if it is absent, the effect does not occur
4. David Hume's analysis of causality involves which factors?
That whenever A occurs, B occurs
All of the other answers to this question are correct
That the apparent necessity of B following A results, in fact, from the human habit of expecting B when A occurs
That two events, A and B, be joined with one another in space and time
That the effect, B, follow the cause, A
5. "Psychologists who have tested thousands of people working in American businesses have discovered that top executive generally have much larger vocabularies than lower-level employees. Therefore, if you want to rise to the top in business, you can make this happen by developing a very large vocabulary." This argument is most likely a sample of which fallacy?
Confusing consequences with reasons
Genetic fallacy
Post hoc fallacy
Confusing cause and effect
Ignoring a common cause, such as education
6. "Computers can't really think, because if we were to admit that there are thinking machines, that would mean we humans might be mere machines as well, a very degrading situation." This is an example of which fallacy?
There's no fallacy here - it's true!
Confusing cause and effect
Ignoring a common cause
Post hoc fallacy
Confusing consequences with reasons.
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