Reference no: EM13917889

1) In hunting and gathering societies:

A) men and women do almost entirely the same tasks.
B) men and women work together as hunters.
C) men hunt animals while women gather vegetation.
D) women hunt animals while men gather vegetation.

2) The social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is:

A) unequal, with men controlling farming.
B) equal, because both men and women perform the same tasks.
C) unequal, with women raising the young while men secure food.
D) fairly equal, with men and women making a vital contribution to survival.

3) A great danger to hunting and gathering societies is:

A) the forces of nature, including storms and droughts.
B) growing more food than they can carry.
C) warfare.
D) All of the above are correct.

4) Humans first planted gardens in which region of the world?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) the Middle East
D) Latin America

5) Many people have marveled at the Great Wall in China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt. These monuments stand as evidence of the productive power of which type of society?

A) hunting and gathering
B) industrial
C) horticultural and pastoral
D) agrarian

6) Marx described alienation as involving which of the following?

A) alienation from other workers
B) alienation from the products of work
C) alienation from the act of working
D) All of the above are correct.

7) Weber could see the advantages of industrial capitalism,

A) but he was pessimistic about the future.
B) and he was optimistic about the future.
C) but he thought it would never actually develop.
D) but he thought workers would soon overthrow the system.

8) It would be correct to say that Durkheim thought of society as:

A) changing from moment to moment.
B) existing only in the human mind.
C) an objective reality.
D) having no clear existence at all.

9) Looking over the long course of history, Durkheim claimed that societies change as gives way to _

A) organic sol idarity, mechanical sol idarity
B) individualism; collective conscience
C) Gesellschaft; Gemeinschaft
D) mechanical solidarity; organic solidarity

10) What concept did Durkheim use to refer to social bonds, which are strong among members of industrial society and are based on specialization and mutual interdependence?

A) Gesellschaft
B) mechanical solidarity
C) organic solidarity
D) collective conscience

11) Of the following sociologists, which one was most interested in how society is divided?

A) Gerhard Lenski
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Emile Durkheim

12) Which theory developed by the psychologist John B. Watson claims human behavior is not instinctive but learned within a social environment?

A) naturalism
B) evolutionary psychology
C) behaviorism
D) biological psychology

13) In the nature versus nurture debate, sociologists claim that:

A) nurture is far more important than nature.
B) nature and nurture have equal importance.
C) nature is far more important than nurture.
D) neither nature nor nurture creates the essence of our humanity.

14) Mead considered the "generalized other" to be:

A) any "sign ificant other."
B) widespread cultural norms and values people take as their own.
C) important individuals in the child's life.
D) a person who provides complete care for a child.

15) The special importance of the peer group is the fact that it:

A) gives children experience in an impersonal setting.
B) has a greater effect than parents on children's long-term goals.
C) lets children escape the direct supervision of parents.
D) All of the above are correct.

16) In historical perspective, the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has:

A) The mass media have never played a large part in the socialization process.
B) decreased over time.
C) been about the same over the last century.
D) increased over time.

17) Which of the following concepts refers to a setting where a staff tries to radically change someone's personality through carefully controlling the environment?

A) cohort community
B) a total institution
C) anticipatory social center
D) a degradation ceremony

18) An inmate who loses the capacity for independent living is described as:

A) dissociated.
B) institutionalized.
C) integrated.
D) unsocialized.

19) Thinking about how patterns of child-rearing vary by class, lower-class parents generally stress , while well-to-do parents typically stress:

A) independence; protectingchiIdren
B) creativity; obedience
C) obedience; creativity
D) independence; dependence

20) The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called:

A) social construction.
B) social dynamics.
C) social interaction.
D) social connectedness.

21) Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life is a common experience for those who are undergoing which of the following?

A) role conflict
B) role strain
C) role ambiguity
D) role exit

22) Which of the following is an important element of nonverbal communication?

A) eye contact
B) body language
C) hand gestures
D) All of the above are correct.

23) The chapter's "In the Times" explains that we find it irritating when other people:

A) speak to us too loudly.
B) stand too close when they speak to us.
e) inflict noise from an iPod or cell phone on people sitting nearby.
D) All of the above are correct.

24) When interacting with people of an unfamiliar cultural background,

A) we find that some cultures do not have humor.
B) telling jokes is a good way to "break the ice."
C) what is funny to people in one society may not be funny to those from another society.
D) we find people everywhere enjoy many of the same jokes.

25) Looking at humor from a structural-functional viewpoint, jokes:

A) are often used to relieve tension "lightening" a situation.
B) can be used as a form of tact, stating, "Hey, it was on Iy a joke!"
C) are often used to safely express potentially disruptive sentiments.
D) All of the above are correct.