Reference no: EM132788655

1. One ethical issue is regarding the study subjects. For example, juveniles being studied are not old enough to singlehandedly provide consent for research. Similarly, studies on people with mental health issues or physical health issues that affect consent may also be treated as a special circumstance. In the case of those being studied, permission must be given, either by parents of minors, or a relevant decision-maker like a conservator in the case of people incapable of consenting.

In addition, several measures must be upheld in order to make sure that the research should be performed on individuals to begin with. For example, the person or guardian should be fully aware of what the research entails, potential risks, disclosure of procedures that would potentially benefit the research subject more, and an explanation of benefits. It is also very important to inform the individual that they can withdraw consent whenever they would like, as it should not feel like an obligation or a requirement for any time of reason (Hagan, 2010, pg. 48).

In an academic setting, any study using human subjects is subject to review from the Belmont Report, which is a review board that protects the rights of human subjects and ensures that the research process was completely ethical (Hagan, 2010, pg. 51).

2. An ethical issue that is inherent with research is the idea of doing no harm. This issue impacts research in many ways, in regaurds to criminal justice a lof of actions researched are in fact dangerous all on their own. In addition to the acts of a criminal being dangerous, the punishment for such things can also be just as dangerous. The notes used drug use particularly as an example for research that can in many ways be considered harmful or unethical. Drug use we know is harmful, however research is neccessary to fully understand such a thing. Research is the only way to be well informed on this phenominon yet studying a subject knowing and encouraging substance abuse would be unethical; This type of research would promote harm rather than preventing it. In order to avoid ethical issues when pursinging research it is important that all people involved are aware of the possibilities and outcomes of any research being done. All variables should be safetly controlled and precautions need to be taken to better the people with as much previous knowledge as possible. The Institutional review board (IRB) are an acedemic institution that regulates all research done on animals and humans to ensure they are ethical. No research can begin before recieving a proper approval from the IRB.

3. An ethical issue would be abuse of power by authorities. This could go from someone running a red light and not getting a ticket to a cop beating a man without a reason. The issue impacts research because nothing is really determine. Police officers are supposed to protect the community, however, many of them overuse their power on innocent people. Also, there are a lot of things which are unspoken. If police officers covers one another, how can we know what's really happening out there? 

Ethical issues supports important social and moral values such as the principle of not doing harm to others. When engaging in research, to avoid ethical issues a person should be honest and uphold their integrity. Sometimes, when we go looking for something, we might not like what the result might be. However, no data should be made up and your work should be sincere. Also, a person should avoid bias. This also means that you must separate your personal lives. Lastly, confidentiality is a must. An individual should have in consideration other people's information such as patient records. Sensitive information should be respected even after even after it was provided in confidence. In the academic world, the Institutional Review Boards is a committee that regulates research and ensures that no harm procedures are employed.

4. An ethical issue that is inherent with research is conflicts of interest. This happens when researchers have interests that are not fully apparent and that may influence their judgements on what is published. This issue is involved in biomedical research where an increased number of clinical trials are funded by pharmaceutical companies. Researchers should take an extra effort to ensure that their conflicts of interest do not influence the methodology and outcome of research. It would be useful to talk to an independent researcher on this issue if in doubt. When publishing, these conflicts of interest should be declared to editors, and readers will judge for themselves whether the research findings are trustworthy or not. Within WHO, the Research Ethics Review Committee (ERC) ensures that WHO only supports research of the highest ethical standards.

5. With ethicial issues there is many research that has being done by authors that has harm the public, they make it seem like it does not but it does. The point of ethical is to get all the right information that we can and also get the reviews of that item to make sure we are reading the rights facts and we can be cautions. One ethicial issue that I find common also in my wrok area is workplace ethic many of you guys can relate to this. Workplace ethic means the employers and employees must follow the moral principles, and values these are rules that have to be followed by everyone. Those rules, they have to be follow and met by both the staffs and the employer but if the employer is not following those rules how would you think those are stricts to follow yourself, and more if he/she keeps changing their mind, and not being organize and they would always bring something new up. While you are the staff trying to follow the rules they have but they keep changing it. With that being said they have written information that is false, also the reviews that other people give is false too for the reason if they do any type of reviews they would not be truthful. To recommende to avoid this kind of ethical issues, at teh workplaces they should always have communication which is key, take the responsibility for any kind of moves you would make. Finally, who regulates research that would be the board who has to go by all reasearch and make sure all information regards humans or even animals they have to be ethical.