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Simultaneous pumping into both the upper and the lower laser levels. Consider a laser transition between two upper energy levels E1 and E2 in an atomic system similar to that discussed in this section. Assume, however, that there is pumping up from the ground level into both the laser levels E1 and E2, at pumping rates R1 and R2, respectively. Assume there is also a lser signal Wsig on the 2 to 1 transition, as in this section.
Solve the steady-state equations for the population different delta N21=N2-N1 in this system, and put the answer into a form that illustrates the dependence on pumping rates and on signal saturation. Discuss briefly (a) the pumping-rate and relaxation-time conditions for obtaining an inversion at all in this system; and (b) the form of the signal saturation behavior, and how it compares to simpler systems.
A 2400-115 V transformer has a sinusoidal flux expressed by φ =0.113 sin 188.5t. Determine the primary and secondary turns.
The frequencies of the tones are 100 Hz, 300 Hz, and 450 Hz. The sampling rate is 1 kHz. Describe a low pass, a band pass, and a high pass filter that could be used to detect the individual tones.
Design a summing amplifier that produces an output Vout = (5/2)V1+(5/3)V2 - 4V3 . Draw the complete schematic and pick the appropriate component values. The smallest resistor in the circuit should be R
Determine which of these properties hold or don't hold for the following discrete time systems. Justify your answers. IN each example, y(t) denotes the system output and x(t) denotes the system input.
Sketch magnitude and phase responses (as linear gain versus digital frequencies) for each filter (use [0,π]). Indicate filter type. Find cutoff frequencies if sampling frequency in 30 kHz. Use 6 points only. Do not use MATLAB.
in a binary communication system a binary 0 is transmitted using an electrical pulse of magnitude 2.5v and a binary 1
Y- Delta connected; Source voltage in the b-phase is 20 angle (-90) V (rms); Source phase sequence is acb; Line impedance is (1+j3) Ohms/phase; Load impedance is (117- j99) Ohms/phase.Draw the single-phase equivalent for the a-phase.
Design a hardware implementation of a binary tree which functions as follows Each node of the binary tree has a unique address ( as discussed inclass). Given the address (A) of a node, and a datum (I), the machine willwrite I in node A.
Suppose we have a pn-junction that has been doped equally in the p and nregions with 10^16 atoms/cm3of boron and phosphorous, respectively. Assume ni = 10^10/cm3. What is the built-in voltage forthe junction
A collector modulated transmitter has a supply voltage of 48 V and an average collector current of 600 mA. What is the input power to the transmitter How much modulating signal power is needed to produce 100 percent modulation
An electron is confined inside a potential well with infinite walls. The width of the of the wells = 5nm. What is the probability of finding a electron within 1nm from either wall if the electron is at: A)the lowest energy level B). the 2nd lowest ..
1. Express the Boolean function f(X,Y,Z) = XY + X(Y + Z) in sum of products form showing the sum all nonzero minterms. 2. Express the Boolean function f(A,B,C,D) = A(B + BC) + ACD in sum of products form showing the sum all nonzero minterms.
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