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Question 1: Explain the difference between tolerance and dependence. What symptoms occur during withdrawal syndrome?
Question 2: Briefly present the significance of cross-dependence and cross-tolerance. Why drug dependence and abuse are medical problems that require long-term treatment.
Question 3: Compare the mechanism of action of illicit drugs. Which ones are the most commonly used illegal drugs.
Question 4: Briefly explain why the administration of heroin intravenously can cause a surge of intense euphoria?
Question 5: Explain why overdose of depressant drugs can cause a medical emergency. What are withdrawal symptoms of abrupt discontinuation of depressants?
Question 6: Explain why overdose of hallucinogens is not a common problem. What are possible interactions with other drugs and what "flashbacks" can mean?
Question 7: Briefly explain why the chronic usage of alcohol can lead to ascites or hepatic failure development.
Question 8: Briefly explain why the metabolism of ethanol by the cytochrome P450 system can decrease rate of metabolism of some drugs when ethanol is present?
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Children born with a short lingual frenulum are referred as "tongue-tied". What is the name of this congenital condition?
What would be the most likely treatment to correct this problem? How would this treatment help the patient?
You come home to find your Dad and little sister at the kitchen table. You ask them if they would like to go to the movies with you. Neither of them answers you, and you realize that neither of them heard your question.
Using Rasmol produce an image of oxidoreductase structure code 2XXE that, clearly illustrates the location of the catalytic site of the enzyme. State and show in an image the active site residues.
Clarify the difference in their efforts to collect oxygen. Polychaetes have lateral, fleshy parapodia beset with numerous setae, and well developed head appendages such as jaws, tentacles and eyes. What function(s) do you think about parapodia serve.
Write the formula for water potential, and give the name for each component. Using the appropriate term(s) in the formula, when will water will enter a cell or exit a cell?
Tell how tge forelimbs of a bat, a whale,a cat, andd a human contribute evidence to supporr the hypotgesisthat these mammals evolved from a common ancestor. Explain how the effectiveness of an antibioticdecreases with time.
What is the physiological series of events associated with autonomic hyperreflexia, and why can autonomic hyperreflexia be life-threatening if not detected and treated right away?
Determine when glucose is metabolized in the respirating celll to H2O and CO2, free energy change of the reaction is equal to that obtained when glucose is combusted with oxygen in a calorimeter chamber.
How many genotypes are produced by an autosomal gene with 5alleles? How many genotypes are produced by a X-linked gene with 5alleles?
calculate the Shannon-Wiener index (H0) for each plot. I've broken the data above into three separate tables for your calculations. Fill in the following three tables and calculate H0 for each plot.
Leukocytes (white blood cells) normally move into tissues that have been damaged so that they can heal the damage (repair blood vessels, eradicate bacteria, etc.). How do they move from the blood stream into the damaged tissue? Include in your ans..
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