Reference no: EM132246390

Assignment with 3 questions that needs to be answered, with atleast one in text citation per answer of each question.

Bill lived in Stinko, a small, isolated town in south Texas, near the Mexico border. Bill was the manager of a factory that manufactured disposable drinking cups. The factory employed 150 people and was, by far, the largest employer in Stinko. Bill was married and the father of 3 teenage children.

The plant ran well and Bill always achieved his production goals. However, one byproduct of one part of the manufacturing process was a very smelly, smoky residue emitted from the plant's smokestacks. In addition to being smelly, the emissions had attracted the attention of the EPA. EPA tests had shown that the emissions contained excessive levels of sulfur. The EPA told Bill that if the emissions weren't cleaned up, fines would be levied against the company.

Bill talked to other plant managers within the company at other plant locations. All of them told him that they had found a way around the EPA testing by only producing the really stinky smoke at night. Since the EPA only tested during the day, they were getting away with it.

Bill talked to his boss about some equipment that was available that would clean the emissions enough to pass the EPA tests but his boss said it was way too expensive to install. So, Bill did nothing and eventually got fined by the EPA. The fine was substantial. Bill's boss told him that he better find a way to stop the fines or his job was in jeopardy.

Bill received a call from the mayor of El Rancho, a small town just across the border in Mexico, about 20 miles south of Stinko. The mayor told Bill that if he moved the plant to El Rancho, he could emit as much stinky smoke as he wanted because El Rancho had no emission guidelines in place. The only catch was that Bill would have to employ only Mexican citizens from the town of El Rancho. However, due to the prevailing winds of the area, the stinky smoke would be carried directly north and would still affect the town of Stinko.

Bill told his boss about the offer. The boss told Bill that it was his decision to make but that he better do something quickly if he wanted to keep his job. Bill's kids were nearing college age and he needed his job.

Bill knew that if he moved the plant to El Rancho that the emissions would still be polluting the atmosphere. He also knew that if he moved the plant that the town of Stinko would be ruined. The jobs of his friends and neighbors would be gone forever. But, his job would be safe.

1. There are three basic considerations for who should pay for environmental issues (those who contaminated the world, those who enjoy the world, those who are most able to pay). Since the citizens of Stinko are the primary beneficiaries of clean air, shouldn't those citizens have the obligation to pay for that clean air? Of those three options, aren't the citizens the only ones who care?

2. Remember, a win-win situation wouldn't be that much fun in an ethics discussion, would it?

3. If Bill believed in the "free use" of the environment, what decision would he make? The "free use" position assumes a world entirely dedicated to serving human needs and desires. So, would Bill even have to consider the environment at all in his thinking? Are there any ethical issues associated with this position?

Below is the Course material, all of which can be googled. please provide atleast one in text citation from the references below in each question response.

What is Environmental History

Environmental Ethics?

Perdue Farms Changes Rules for Chicken Care

When some US firms move production overseas, they also offshore their pollution

Fracking Is Dangerous To Your Health -- Here's Why

Global Scarcity: Scramble for Dwindling Natural Resources

The Needs of 7 Billion People

Deforestation: Facts, Causes & Effects

Environmental Racism

Stepping Towards Sustainable Business: An Evaluation of Waste Minimization Practices in US Manufacturing

A Corporate Model of Sustainable Business Practices

Environmental Sustainability in Business