Should governments close down the dark web

Reference no: EM133575529

IT Professional Practice

Activity-1

Are you free to criticise the Australian government on Facebook?

Have Australians ever been banned from viewing Wikipedia or YouTube?

Below here you will find 6 notable cases of censorship in Australia. Choose 3 that you think most notable, name the laws that were relevant, and give your opinion about whether the laws led to a just outcome.

You have received a phone call from your teenage son's headmaster saying your son is in his office for sending a naked photo of himself to his girlfriend. Do sexting laws apply to him?

Use the Internet to research the "Dark Web":

What is it and what software do you need to access it?

Can the U.S. Government discover the activities that have taken place over the Dark Web at a particular IP address?

Should governments close down the Dark Web? Provide arguments for and against.

Explain why a citizen in the middle of a citizen uprising might value the use of a VPN

Censorship and the law
The constitution implies protection of freedom of speech, but doesn't explicitly grant it.

Some of the Federal Acts the government can use to ban Websites and electronic communications:

Telecommunications Act 1997 - under Section 313 government agencies have issued notices to telcos that requires them to block access to online locations linked to criminal activity.

Broadcasting Services Act 1992. ACMA (the Australian Communications and Media Authority) descision are backed by this Act). ACMA use it to classify and monitor media. For example it is used for classifying programs into categories eg. R, M, General Admission, or Parental Guidance Recommended. It also stipulates what is political advertising and the specific conditions which must be met before they are authorised for publication.

Communications Decency Act (CDA): Title V of the Telecommunications Act is aimed at protecting children from pornography. Section 230 of the CDA: Provides immunity to an Internet service provider (ISP) that publishes user-generated content

Suicide Related Materials Offences Act 2006
Copyright Amendment (Online Infringement) Bill 2015 (Used by Hollywood to force iiNet to handover IP addresses of downloaders of the movie The Dallas Buyer's Club)

Notable examples of Internet censorship in Australia
In 2002, and under the terms of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, the Federal Court ordered Fredrick Töben to remove material from his Australian website which denied aspects of The Holocaust and vilified Jews.

In 2006, Richard Neville published a "spoof" website that had a fictional transcript of John Howard apologising to Australians for the Iraq War. The website was forcibly taken offline by the government with no recourse.

After the devastating bushfires in February 2009, details about an alleged arsonist were posted online by bloggers. Victorian police deputy commissioner Kieran Walshe has asked the state Director of Public Prosecutions to examine the possibility of removing these blogs from the web, as they might jeopardise any court case.

The 2009 winner of the George Polk award for videography shows footage of 26-year-old Neda Agha-Soltan being shot and dying during Iran protests. This footage has also been declared "prohibited content" by ACMA, attracting fines of $11,000 per day for any Australian website which posts a link to the video.

On 22 May 2009, it was disclosed in the press, citing wikileaks.org, that the Australian Government had added Dr Philip Nitschke's online Peaceful Pill Handbook, which deals with the topic of voluntary euthanasia, to the blacklist maintained by the Australian Communications and Media Authority used to filter web access to citizens of Australia. Euthanasia groups will hold seminars around Australia teaching how to evade the proposed filter using proxy servers and virtual networks. A spokeswoman for Senator Conroy said that euthanasia would not be targeted by the proposed web filter, however Stephen Conroy has previously stated that "while euthanasia remains illegal it will be captured by the RC filter". In April 2013, it was revealed that an IP address used by more than 1,200 websites had been blocked by certain Internet service providers. It was discovered by the Melbourne Free University which was one of the sites blocked. It was later revealed that the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) had ordered the blocking of the address to target a fraud website, and that the remaining websites were blocked unintentionally. The block was subsequently lifted. ASIC subsequently revealed that it had used its blocking powers 10 times over the preceding 12 months, and that a separate action taken in March had also caused the inadvertent temporary blocking of around 1000 untargeted active sites, as well as around 249,000 sites that hosted "no substantive content" or advertised their domain name for sale.The blocks were carried out under the section 313 legislation, and blocking notices were sent to four or five ISPs on each occasionIn December 2016, the Federal Court of Australia ordered more than fifty ISP's to block 5 sites that infringe on the Copyright Act after rights holders, Roadshow Films, Foxtel, Disney, Paramount, Columbia and the 20th Century Fox files a lawsuit. The sites barred include The Pirate Bay, Torrentz, TorrentHound, IsoHunt and SolarMovie.

Activity-2

Name a certificate a software engineering company can purchase which would prove to potential customer's that they follow strict quality guidelines Name 3 factors that could lead to a well-intentioned programmer building defects into their software

What's the difference between "strict liability" and more general liability that arises from negligence, and in what contexts is a court most likely to expect strict liability?

Why might a software engineering company align its processes with the SDLC or another software development methodology?

Explain the difference between black box testing and white box testing and detail the facets of a program that can be tested with black box testing

Explain the implications for a computer programmer of working on a life-critical system instead of a game for a mobile phone.

Activity-3

1. List 10 ways in which I.T. has impacted on your quality of life in the past week.

2. This "Well Being Rating" chart compares Australia with the rest of the world. A longer line means a better comparative performance. (Source: OECD. (2016). OECD Better Life Index. Retrieved 2017, from OECD:
Provide an example of how I.T. could improve each line (e.g. lengthen the Water Quality line, or shorten the "Homicides" line).

Reference no: EM133575529

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