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Early in development, most human cells turn off expression of an essential component of telomerase, the enzyme responsible for addition of telomere repeat sequences (5' TTAGGG 3') to the ends of chromosomes. Thus, as our cells proliferate, their telomeres get shorter and shorter, but are normally lost over the course of a lifetime. If cells are removed from the body and grown in culture, they ultimately enter a state of replicative senescence and stop dividing when their telomeres get too short. By contrast, most tumor cells, in humans and in cell culture, express active telomerase allowing them to maintain their telomeres and grow beyond the normal limit imposed by senescence. Anticipating a universal cure for cancer, you set up a company to screen chemical ‘libraries' for telomerase inhibitors. The company share price takes a tumble, when a rival group generates a strain of mice from which the telomerase genes have been deleted. These mice breed happily for several generations, but by the 6th generation (when their telomeres are much shorter than those of normal mice), they have a greatly increased tendency to die of tumors. The tumors tend to arise in tissues that show high proliferation rates, such as testis, skin, and blood. Why has this observation shaken the confidence of your investors? Is there a flaw in your hypothesis?
Genetic diversity is necessary for natural selection to act, but natural selection can decrease or eliminate diversity. What procedure can restore genetic diversity to a population.
Suppose that you have 1M stock solutions of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2. If the ion concentrations in human plasma are 120 mM Na+, 12mM K+, and 2 mM Ca+.
Women's bladders, on average, are smaller than those of men. The distribution of bladder volume in women is approximately N (400, 75) in milliliters. Find the proportion of women's bladders with a volume between 500 and 600 ml.
Schupack attempted to exercise right in first refusal McDonalds would not recognize the right in Schupack, claiming that it was personal to Copeland and so non-assignable without their consent. Schupack brought an action for specific performance, req..
Suppose you add five micrograms of purified acid phosphatase to the pur acid phosphatase reaction - compute the amount of acid phosphatase in 400 microliters of wheat germ extract
What is the difference between molecular motion and diffusion?is it extremely small to demonstrate brownian movement.
Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are normally more susceptible to infections. However, a patient receiving an antitumor drug that inhibited cell division was resistant to salmonella. Provide a possible mechanism for the resistance.
Components of the endomembrane system can become bigger as demands on their function increase. Identify which parts of endomembrane system would be bigger in
The genes dumpy wings, clot eyes, and apterous wings are linked on chromosome II of Drosophila. In a series of two-point mapping crosses, the genetic distances demonstrate below were determined.
Eukaryotic cells may divide through the process of mitosis or meiosis. In humans, mitosis generates new cells for growth and repair.
An A=T mispairing leads to an A=C substitution. The other DNA helix will contain a(n) __ pair.
It is a beautiful hot summer day. You are enjoying a barbeque party and outdoor games at your friend's house. Everyone is having fun.
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