Reference no: EM133297353
Questions
1. Peripheral immune tolerance is promoted by______________
a. induction of anergy.
b. double negative selection.
c. double positive selection.
d. block apoptosis.
2. Which of the following is NOT true about Multiple sclerosis
a. Th-17 cells do not play a role in the disease.
b. due to demyelination of the CNS
c. seems to have some genetic component.
d. dysregulation of Th-reg cells.
3. CD4+ T cells that engage class II MHC-peptide complexes on the surfaces of dendritic cells may differentiate into one of several types of effector helper cells. How do they help?
a. Some help B cells to differentiate into antibody-producing cells.
b. Some engage in multicellular complexes with dendritic cells.
c. Some help B cells to differentiate into antibody-producing cells, and some enhance cytotoxic cell differentiation.
d. Some engage in multicellular complexes with dendritic cells
4. B cells have been shown to need two signals for activation. Absent T-cell help, they will NOT activate because
a. T cells activate B cells indirectly by activating follicular dendritic cells.
b. T cells provide signal 2 through the B-cell receptor.
c. T cells provide signal 1 through the B-cell receptor.
d. T cells activate B cells through CD40 signaling.
5. Select the correct statement concerning allergies and hygiene.
a. The rate of allergic disease has decreased due to the increased use of antibiotics.
b. The hygiene hypothesis argues that the immune systems of children in industrialized countries are no longer adequately regulated by helminths.
c. Sanitization of food and water has eliminated helminth infections from human populations.
d. In countries where there is a high rate of helminth infection there is also a high rate of allergy due to the production of IL-5
6. Cytotoxic T cells mediate a powerful and lethal immune response to intracellular infected host cells. Which of the following is NOT involved with activation and function of these cells ?
a. Fas-FasL signaling pathway is activated, triggering apoptosis.
b. Activation of T helper memory cells.
c. Involved inducing apoptosis in cancer cells with memory cell formation
d. Perforin and granzymes are released, triggering apoptosis of infected cell.
7. What happens to a pathogen in an attenuated vaccine?
a. It can becomes more virulent.
b. It has weakened virulence.
c. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
d. It becomes older.
8. Many autoimmune disorders are treated with immunosuppressive drugs, which produce other problems. Antigen-specific immunotherapy would be much better because_____________
a. they would both target only the autoreactive cells and not induce general suppression of the immune system.
b. they would target only the autoreactive cells and produce a general reduction in inflammation.
c. they would produce a general reduction in inflammation.
d. they would not induce general suppression of the immune system.
9. Autografts will be rejected only rarely because of all but which of the following?
a. They have TH17 cells.
b. They are MHC matched.
c. They are from the same individual.
d. They do not trigger an immune response.
10. Graft vs Host rejection consists of_______________
a. when T cells from host are stimulated to attack the graft.
b. when T cells from donor tissue are stimulated to attack host tissue.
c. none of the answers are correct.
d. when B cells are stimulated to attack the graft
11. What is unique about IgM the class of antibody?
a. IgM has a high affinity and form polymers traveling through the body.
b. IgM is the strongest binding antibody class.
c. IgM has low affinity and benefits from having a large number of binding sites.
d. IgM is considered the most important type of antibody.
12. Which of the following describes a process by which self-reactive lymphocytes are rendered incapable of mounting an autoimmune response?
a. positive selection of T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues
b. induction of anergy
c. negative selection of B and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow
d. activation by regulatory T cells