Reference no: EM133476733

Question

1. The obesity epidemic may be explained at least in part by exposure to which of the following?

a. Chemicals that act as metabolic disruptors.

b. Chemicals that activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ).

c. Light exposure and food consumption at night.

d. Increasing indoor temperatures.

e. Inexpensive, calorie-dense foods.

f. B, C, D, and E

g. All of the above.

2. The correct order of events in the exquisitely-specific induction of neurotoxicity by MPTP is:

a. Biotransformation into MPP in and transport out of the astrocyte - diffusion to/transport into the cholinergic neuron - accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum - death of the neuron.

b. Biotransformation into MPP in and transport out of the dopaminergic neuron - diffusion to/transport into the astrocyte - accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum - death of the astrocyte.

c. Biotransformation into MPP in and transport out of the oligodendrocyte - diffusion into the dopaminergic neuron - accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum - death of the astrocyte.

d. Biotransformation into MPP in and transport out of the cholinergic neuron- diffusion to/transport into the dopaminergic neuron - accumulation in the mitochondria - the death of the neuron.

e. Biotransformation into MPP in and transport out of the astrocyte- diffusion to/transport into the dopaminergic neuron - accumulation in the mitochondria - death of the neuron.

3. If a reproductive toxicant acts as an endocrine disrupting chemical, it is equally likely to cause an adverse effect in males and females.

True

False

4. Mercury's ability to induce organ-specific toxicity depends upon its chemical form

True

False

5. During a hazard assessment, how much of a toxicant exposure is needed to induce an adverse effect is determined.

True

False

6. The liver is susceptible to toxicity for which of the following reasons? Select TWO.

a. Hepatocytes expresses a high level of cytochrome P450s

b. Hepatocytes are bathed in a high concentration of toxicants

c. Hepatocytes are highly energy dependent

d. Hepatocytes express low levels of conjugating enzymes

e. Hepatocytes has little regenerative capacity

7. Selective toxicity does not occur when exposure happens during development.

True

False

8. Lead (Pb) exposure is equally neurotoxic in adults and children.

True

False

9. Which of the following is true about acetaminophen?

a. The majority of acetaminophen is directly conjugated with glucuronide or sulfate

b. It is subject to selective toxicity

c. Its toxicity is enhanced by consumption of alcohol because alcohol reduces the expression of conjugating enzymes

d. The ultimate toxicant is NAPQI, which binds to mitochondrial proteins to cause cell death.

e. A, B, and D

f. All of the above.

10. The threshold concept provides the basis for point of departure estimates in determining safe exposure.

True

False