Reference no: EM133170255
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION.
1. Scientific knowledge can be defined as justified_______ . Knowledge derived from scientific methods is based on empirical evidence that can be proven repeatedly (replicability).
a) theory
b) deductive
c) qualitative
d) true belief
2. At the end of each scientific research project, based on empirical evidence, we hope to develop a ______ it describes, explains and predicts a specific phenomenon we see around us. This is the building blocks of scientific knowledge; an example of this is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
a) scepticism
b) theory
c) deductive
d) qualitative
3. _______ research is suitable when studying symbols, artifacts and rituals of a culture. This research approach is designed to uncover how culture, religion and personal experiences influence how we perceive reality. Variables used in this kind of research do NOT emphasize on frequencies, how much, how few or how big or small they are. These category of research methods usually makes use of the interpretive research paradigm.
a) theory
b) deductive
c) qualitative
d) true belief
4. In social science, we normally study the_______ (thinking), affective (emotion) and behavior (action) of people in society. It is important to note that these three (3) qualities of human beings are not necessarily consistent within a person.
a) hypothesis
b) objective
c) cognitive
d) conjecture
5. A conjecture is a personal opinion without any empirical evidence, while a_______ is an explanation backed by empirical evidence.
a) religious
b) theory
c) deductive
d) qualitative
6. _______ beliefs and superstitions cannot be explained through scientific methods. These kinds of knowledge cannot be proven by empirical evidence. They are based on faith-a belief that cannot be proven. This is why they are not considered scientific knowledge.
a) religious
b) theory
c) deductive
d) qualitative
7. Using the_______ reasoning approach we develop hypotheses before we collect data for analysis. Normally, this reasoning approach is used in quantitative research. The reason for collecting data is to prove or disprove hypotheses.
a) theory
b) deductive
c) qualitative
d) true belief
8. _______ is one of the pillars of science that states we cannot claim there is absolute truth; there is always a chance that we may be wrong. In the future, with advanced technology, someone might invent a new measurement instrument and prove what we believed to be true today is actually not true.
a) skepticism
b) theory
c) deductive
d) qualitative
9. _______ is a claim that reality is created by each individual based on their experiences and beliefs. Research that is based on this belief creates theories by understanding the world from the perspective of respondents.
a) qualitative
b) constructivism
c) true belief
d) variable
10. _______ reasoning approach is commonly used in qualitative research. This reasoning approach do not need to formulate hypotheses before collecting data. This approach develops general theories concluded from specific instances of occurrences.
a) Inductive
b) deductive
c) positivism
d) qualitative
11. In carrying out scientific research, we must make sure we are_______ in finding the truth, and in our collecting and analysing of data. We should never be biased in our effort to determine the truth. To get to the truth, research findings cannot be influenced by the researcher.
a) hypothesis
b) objective
c) cognitive
d) conjecture
12. A_______ is a testable statement that describes the relationship between two variables. In carrying out scientific research, we will try to find empirical evidence to prove whether there is any truth in this statement. In these statements, one of the variables is an independent variable, and one is a dependent variable.
a) hypothesis
b) objective
c) cognitive
d) conjecture
13. A_______ is a characteristic of an object whose value is different from one object to another. Examples of these are age, job satisfaction, gender, level of stress, intention to watch a movie, frequency of impulse purchase and level of motivation.
a) qualitative
b) constructivism
c) true belief
d) variable
14. _______ is a belief that there is only one reality that can and should be objectively measured. Reality is 'out there' and exists independent of any person. Reality is not imagined, and not a subjective interpretation of a specific person.
a) Inductive
b) deductive
c) positivism
d) qualitative
15. Individuals are mostly influenced by intrinsic factors comprising of temperament and personality-these come from within a person. People are also influenced by _______ factors which consist of situational, social and physical elements.
a) unit of analysis
b) research design
c) theoretical framework
d) extrinsic
16. Theories can be depicted and illustrated by variables and relationships between these variables. There are usually two types of relationships:_______ and correlations.
a) independent
b) qualitative
c) cause and effect
d) dependent
17. Research is influenced by philosophy. The study of how we determine what is real, and whether something exist is known as_______. If we were doing quantitative research, reality is determined objectively and by using a set of criteria to measure reality.
a) ontology
b) intrinsic
c) quantitative
d) constructivists
18. In a theory, the variable that is being influenced is known as the dependent variable, and the variable that influences is known as the_______ variable.
a) independent
b) qualitative
c) cause and effect
d) dependent
19. A_______ believes that knowledge is created and built through life experiences, and what is real and how one sees the world is unique to each person. As the person live through his life, how they see the world and what they believe to be real and true evolves.
a) ontology
b) intrinsic
c) quantitative
d) constructivists
20. Examples of _______ research methods are experiments, quasi-experiments, descriptive and correlational.
a) ontology
b) intrinsic
c) quantitative
d) constructivists
21. Examples of______ research are historical, ethnography, grounded theory and phenomenology.
a) independent
b) qualitative
c) cause and effect
d) dependent
22. When doing quantitative research, the phase after Literature Review is the phase called_______ . In this phase, we describe the hypotheses we would like to test.
a) unit of analysis
b) research design
c) theoretical framework
d) extrinsic
23. In the phase called_______ we describe how we are to carry out our research.
a) unit of analysis
b) research design
c) theoretical framework
d) extrinsic
24. Variables are characteristics of_______. These are the objects we compare to find what factors influence them to be different from one another. These objects of study can be individuals, dyads, groups, organizations, communities and countries.
a) unit of analysis
b) research design
c) theoretical framework
d) extrinsic
25. When doing this research, we assume there is only one reality, and reality is measured using a standard criterion; how reality is measured is objectively determined. What is the research approach?
a) qualitative
b) quantitative
c) unit of analysis
d) theoretical framework
26. The reason for collecting and analyzing data is to test hypothesis. What is the research approach?
a) qualitative
b) quantitative
c) independent
d) ontology
27. Process of doing research is heuristic; trial and error. Steps are repeated until we reach a state of saturation where the researchers believe that if new data is collected, nothing new can be learned from their efforts. What is the research approach?
a) qualitative
b) theoretical framework
c) extrinsic
d) quantitative
28. When doing this type of research, concepts and constructs emerge directly from the data we collect. Research approach is by and large exploratory. What is the research approach?
a) independent
b) ontology
c) qualitative
d) quantitative
29. The usual reasoning approach used in this type of research is inductive. We gather data from specific instances and we induce a general theory. We move from specific to general. What is the research approach?
a) qualitative
b) cognitive
c) conjecture
d) quantitative
30. We adopt an underpinning theory like Theory of Reasoned Action and use it to develop our theoretical framework and hypotheses. Variables are derived from literature. What is the research approach?
a) qualitative
b) quantitative
c) cause and effect
d) dependent