Reference no: EM133489230

Question

1. What is the main reason that scholars consider traditional communities to be important to the health of our society?

A. They are necessary for true communication.

B. They have existed since the start of civilization.

C. They provide us with social bonds and support.

D. They encompass every aspect of our daily lives.

2. From a sociologist's point of view, why is society endangered when people see themselves and others as commodities?

A. Businesslike relationships increase prices for everything.

B. Impersonal relationships weaken necessary social bonds.

C. Stewardess-like relationships increase our alienation to work.

D. Buyable relationships make genuine friendships meaningless.

3. in his novel So Yesterday, Scott Westerfeld defines a cool pyramid hierarchy that categorizes people based on their approach to developing their personal identity. According to this pyramid, what group do most people in society fall into?

A. innovators

B. trendsetters

C. early adopters

D. consumers

4. A person's occupation and hobbies form a greater part of their personal identity today than they did before industrialization for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

A. the popularity of farming before industrialization.

B. the greater variety of occupations in modern society.

C. the weaker work ethic before industrialization.

D. the emphasis on products and productivity today.

5. Carter lives in a community of memory where most households have several generations of family living together. Carter lives with his parents and grandmother, but his grandmother is beginning to need more care than they can give her. The family is considering having Carter's grandmother move into an assisted living facility with around-the-clock nursing staff. What does this example MOST demonstrate about the decline in this type of community?

A. Self-interest is not the only contributing factor.

B. Grandparents are essential to preventing it.

C. It is caused by the selfishness of younger members.

D. It can be prevented with better health care.

6. Some social media users work hard to distinguish themselves online and grow a large following by being trendsetters in some way. What can you MOST infer about the personal identities of these people in society?

A. They are focused on individuality.

B. They are based on a commodity-self.

C. They are more genuine than most.

D. They are cooler than most.

7. A paradox is something that seems contradictory or that goes against common sense. What did Max Weber find paradoxical about rejecting traditional solutions to social problems for more modern, technological solutions?

A. The technological solutions are never more effective.

B. The change can create more problems for individuals and society.

C. The traditional solutions should work for all problems but do not.

D. The social problems are traditional ones within society.

8. Why do the authors of Habits of the Heart think that the individualism of modern life threatens the existence of communities of memory?

A. It raises the expectations that the members of the community have of each other.

B. It encourages outsiders to move in and change the community to suit their needs.

C. It puts younger members of the community in charge rather than older members.

D. It makes the needs of the individual more important than those of the community.

9. Charna does not understand why some people base their personal identities on what allows them to best fit in with the rest of society. What is the MOST likely effect of imitating others that makes it an appealing choice for these people?

A. a greater sense of meaning

B. less social isolation

C. feeling more empowered

D. less alienation from oneself

UNITT 2

1. The concepts of fashion and being fashionable existed among the rich before consumerism spread throughout society. What aspect of fashion was changed in order to encourage consumerism?

A. More people were expected to be fashionable, not just the rich.

B. More things were considered to be fashionable or unfashionable.

C. The average person decided what was fashionable, not rich people.

D. Department stores decided what was fashionable, not fashionable people.

2. Irina says that even if there is no fighting over natural resources such as minerals, there are still environmental consequences for the countries that supply the resource. What is Irina MOST likely referring to?

A. the destruction of land from mining

B. the pollution from pesticide use

C. the landfills created in those countries

D. the hazardous waste of that resource

3. In the late nineteenth century, who argued that a new social class had emerged and called it the "nouveau riche"?

A. Thomas Veblen

B. Elizabeth Stanton

C. Robert Pike

D. Alexi Perrault

4. The rising popularity of almonds and products such as almond milk has enabled producers to charge more for them. Although commercially-grown almond trees require vast amounts of water, most of the world's almond farms are located in dry, frequently drought-stricken areas such as California and Spain. What is the main problem with this type of agriculture?

A. It is a misuse of land.

B. It is a misuse of natural resources.

C. It is a cash crop.

D. It harms farmers in poorer countries.

5. What is the main difference between modern conflicts or wars over natural resources and similar violent conflicts in the past?

A. The people fighting are not the main consumers of the resource.

B. The resources in demand today are located in different countries.

C. The fighting is done by multinational corporations, not governments.

D. The prices of the products made from the resources are unaffected.

6. Emily says that the first factory workers became consumers because these jobs finally enabled people to earn the money for purchases. What other contributing factor is Emily overlooking?

A. Consumerism is also a basic part of human nature.

B. Businesses also created a demand for their goods.

C. Most goods were too expensive for factory workers.

D. The first consumers were agricultural workers.

7. Darshan says that when multinational corporations move manufacturing to developing countries, the residents of that country benefit from the relatively higher-paying jobs that the corporations create. What is the MOST common problem that exporting manufacturing creates for the developing country?

A. the conflicts over resources

B. the pollution it creates

C. the outdated technology used

D. the overcrowding of cities

8. Andrew says that his consumer debt is not a problem because each month he can afford to pay the interest charged by the credit card company and a portion of the amount that he has recently charged to the card. Why is this still an unsatisfactory way to manage his debt?

A. He does not have to pay interest.

B. He will never pay off the debt.

C. He should try to raise his debt limit.

D. He should have more than one card.

9. Samaira leaves home to attend college in a different city. She is disappointed to discover that all her classmates want to do is go shopping, see the latest movie, try a new restaurant, and post pictures on social media of themselves doing these things. What is the MOST likely reason Samaira is having a hard time making friends at her school?

A. She thinks of herself as a more socially-responsible consumer.

B. She prefers to spend her free time with her family members.

C. She disapproves of her classmates' conspicuous consumption.

D. She is not used to such a strong a culture of consumption.

10. Quinoa is a grain that grows in the Andes Mountains. When quinoa became a health superfood and Americans started buying it in large quantities, many Peruvian small farmers were able to profit as the market price per pound jumped from $0.25 to $4. What can you predict happened when large-scale commercial growers, or agribusinesses, brought in specialized equipment to increase quinoa production in Peru?

A. The small farmers could not compete.

B. The price per pound jumped higher.

C. The mountains were polluted by pesticides.

D. The agribusinesses crowded local cities.

11. Tiana does not understand why cities in developing countries experience overcrowding and related problems when farmers are pushed off their lands. She points out that many farmers also moved to cities during the Industrial Revolution and society adjusted eventually. What is probably one of the main reasons why cities today struggle to adjust?

A. The farmers do not want to work.

B. Residents do not like the farmers.

C. Housing is too difficult to build.

D. Many farmers move in all at once.