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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a disorder in which the red blood cells of a fetus are attacked and destroyed by maternal antibodies While in utero. This can result in anemia, heart failure, and can be fatal in extreme circumstances.
HDN is only a concern when the mother's blood type is Rh-, and the fetus is the second child to be Rh+. This makes it possible for the mother to have anti-Rh+-antigens that will diffuse across the placenta into the fetal blood stream.
Question 1.
Describe the role of macrophages in nonspecic defense and specific defense the first time the mother is exposed to Rh+ antigens.
Question 2.
If the blood type of the mother is known to be Rh-, and the father is Rh+, then there is a possibility that HDN will be an issue for this couple. In these cases the mother may be injected with Rh immune globulins, a protein that binds to Rh+ red blood cells, but displays an antigen that is unlike any of the other blood type antigens. Explain how giving the mother Rh immune globulins will prevent HDN in subsequent pregnancies.
Question 3.
Should HDN be classified as an "autoimmune" disorder? Explain your answer.
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