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1. Suppose that as a result of global warming, forest cover declines over the earth, reaching a low of 70% of current forested area. Assume the albedo of forest is 0.10, while that of the land cover that replaces it is 0.15. Further assume that the cloudiness and transmissivity of the sky above the former forested area is typical of Earth's average (and thus has the same RA and TA as the atmosphere as a whole).a. Using the multiple-scattering formalism, calculate the new albedo of the entire earth as a result of the albedo change accompanying this shift in land cover. (15 pts.)b. Make a back-of-the envelope estimate of what the world-wide reduction in evapotranspiration (ET) would be if the ET rate from forest is twice that from the grassland or cropland that replaces it. Express your answer as a change in watts/m2 leaving Earth's surface. (You will have to make some pretty bold assumptions here about what contribution forests make to present-day ET; state those assumptions clearly) (15 pts.)c. Estimate the combined effect of the reduction in ET and the increase in albedo on Earth's average surface temperature. (State any assumptions explicitly, but keep them as simple as possible.) Is this a negative or positive feedback to global warming? (20 pts.)d. Describe qualitatively one other global climatic consequence that would likely result from the decline in forested area on Earth. (5 pts.)
Six sigma focuses on the maximization of ROI while addressing the question of "what does the investor want in terms of returns."
We can expect ol prices to increase over the next decade. First, oil reserves are steadily dwindling. As oil producers have to use more expensive technology to locate oil and bring it to the surface, it will cost more.
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Explain two differences between the dual modes of social cognitive processing.
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Critical thinking incorporates not only close and careful reading and re-reading but trenchant writing and re-writing to focus, clarify and explain your expression.
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Submit a 7 slide presentation outlining how you can use each suggestion for Fostering hope in your life. Provide specific examples of this. You must include a conclusion slide summarizing how you plan to foster hope from now on.
How can I prove or disprove the idea that social stress and social networks affect an individual's health?
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