Reference no: EM132854848

The bone density of 32 male competitive cyclists, in their late 20s and early 30s, was compared to that of 30 controls who were active but not competitive athletes. Each recruited male was given a bone mineral density (BMD) test. Some of these cyclists had osteopenia in their spines, only one step below full-blown osteoporosis.

Which statement is true? This study is a(n):

A. randomized experiment where a "cause and effect" statement can't be included

B. observational where a "cause and effect" statement can't be included

C. observational where a "cause and effect" statement can be included

D. randomized experiment where a "cause and effect" statement can be included