Reference no: EM13112469
1. What unusual aspect of water is responsible for it unique characteristics as both a liquid and as a solid? Give examples of how this property of water would affect food systems during processing.
2. The value of ∆G tells use what about chemical reactions? Give three situations and examples.
3. Chemical potential (μi) describes the reactivity of a component. What are two factors that tend to increase μi? Give an example of changes using a food system.
4. Many of the deteriorative reactions occurring food follow zero or first order kinetics. How are these different? If you increased the reaction temperature from 40° to 50°C, how would the rate of formation or product (or loss of reactant) differ for these two systems?
5. What is a covalent bond? Give an example. How can covalent bonds of a solute affect the entropy of an aqueous solution? (Think of different types and structures)
6. What non-covalent bonds are important in foods? How are the interactions caused?
7. Which type of bonding interaction is arguably the most important in a food processing? Give your rationale.
8. Describe three types of soft solids and how they function in a food system.
9. How can a food processor disrupt the interaction between water and a food polymer? What type of forces are involved and how do these different forces individually work?
10. What is viscosity? What characteristics of a hydrocolloid are most important for determining viscosity?
11. Do more flexible hydrocolloids produce greater viscosity than rigid hydrocolloids? Why? What causes hydrocolloids to be more rigid?
12. Why are dispersions important in food systems? Describe three physical properties of a dispersion and tell how you could modify those properties to change the functionality of a food.
13. How can a food processor take advantage of stress responses of a microbe to make food safer?
Provide a specific example.
14. How do processing methods, coupled together, act synergistically? Can you think of a situation in which quality or safety could be negatively impacted by combining a series of non-lethal methods together?
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Calculate the punnett square
: Using X for normal vision and XC for colorblind, calculate the Punnett square that would result from a carrier female mating with a colorblind male. Hint: the female genotype is XCX and the male genotype is XCY.
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Determine probability that coin is two-headed
: If the selected coin is flipped twice and comes up heads twice in a row, what is the probability that the coin is two-headed?
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Calculate the number of alpha-helical turns
: Calculate the number of alpha-helical turns present in the same DNA molecule given above, given that the average molecular weight of a complementary pair of nucleotides is 618 grams per mole,and there are 10 nucleotide pairs per turn of the double..
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Imagine you have engineered a set of genes
: Imagine you have engineered a set of genes, each encoding a protein with a pair of conflicting signal sequences that specify different compartments. If the genes were expressed in a cell, predict which signal would win out for the following combin..
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Questions based on food chemistry
: What unusual aspect of water is responsible for it unique characteristics as both a liquid and as a solid? Give examples of how this property of water would affect food systems during processing.
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Determine probability for four occurrences of tumors per eye
: Using Poisson Distribution with u= 4 tumors per eye, determine probability that there are at least four occurrences of tumors per eye?
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Find punnett square showing the f1 offspring genotypes
: Based on Mendelian genetics, a pea plant that is heterozygous dominant (A) for pink flowers is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous white (a). Draw a Punnett square showing the F1 offspring genotypes and indicate the phenotypes within each ..
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Name four ways that the primary sequence of dna
: There is much genetic evidence that humans arose evolutionarily from primates. Based on this fact, could this have happened if the primates reproduced asexually? Why or why not?
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Finding maximum temperature
: A balloon contains 400cm3 of helium at 25degrees and 1atm pressure. If the balloon bursts when the volume exceeds 800cm3. What would be the maximum temperature it could withstand at constant pressure?
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