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Q. Most biologists believe that the immune system's defence against infections largely rests on its capability to distinguish self molecules from non-self molecules. This concept seems central to our understanding of immune function. Yet, like all scientific ideas, it is not beyond question. Several immunologists have developed an alternative hypothesis: that the immune system's effectiveness rests mostly on its ability to recognize damage to body tissues caused by the invaders, not on the ability to recognize non-self. If you were going to test the "damage" hypothesis, what might you look for? Which form of cell would you expect to be directly affected by damaged tissues and why? Some proponents argue that the "damage" hypothesis makes more sense from an evolutionary perspective, claiming that it is more advantageous for an organism's defence system to respond to tissue damage than to the mere presence of a foreign microbe. Do you be in agreement? Why or why not?
In traveling from your water bottle to your blood, what is the maximum number of times a molecule of water must pass through a membrane?
Suppose that RNA polymerase will read the top strand of DNA as the template to synthesize mRNA. What will be the sequence of the mRNA synthesized?
A linear fragment of DNA that is twenty-two Kb is cleaved with the individual restriction enzymes SalI, HindIII and KpnI and then in the pair wise combinations listed below.
You have purified total RNA from leaf cells of a maple tree. You dissolved all the RNA in 50 ul (microliters) of pure water to make an "RNA Sample.
If you were to mix the primer and template DNA shown below , along w/ a DNA polymerase and all 4 DNTP's . Recreate the template with the primer hybridized to it.
Describe how hepatitis C will impact the kidneys. Discuss how cryoglobin, antibodies, blood flow and glomerular filtration are affected. Predict urinalysis results.
Most cellular activities involve converting energy form one form to another. For each of the following cases, give a biological example and explain the significance of the conversion.
Why are pteridophytes better adapted to dry land than bryophytes? Were pteridophytes always less abundant than phanerogamic plants?
What is Mrs. X red blood cell volume after the infusion equilibrates with the blood and why? Also what is the osmolarity of the red blood cells and plasma AFTER equilibration.
Why are echinoderms classified as animals? Please don't give half answers or meaningless answers.
How does the structure of the plasma membrane depend on the structure of the phospholipids molecules? How does this relate to selective permeability?
Assume that the trihybrid cross MM SS tt X mm ss TT is made in a plant species in which M and S are dominant but there is no dominance between T and t.
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