Reference no: EM133443220

Question 1. Which of the following words contains an affricate?

a. [m??ki:] ‘soft' (Czech)
b. [pfliçt] ‘duty' (German)
c. [xleb] ‘bread' (Russian)
d. [mb?l?] ‘in front' (Swahili)

Question 2. Mark the correct category that the following words have in common for their vowels [f?] ‘noodles' (Vietnamese), [fø] ‘fire' (French), [fe] ‘faith' (Spanish), [fos] ‘light' (Greek). (Tone in Vietnamese is not shown for simplicity's sake):
a. Height.
b. Backness.
c. Roundedness.
d. Tenseness.

Question 3. Which of the following French words are a minimal pair?
a. [l?~t] - [l?~g] ‘slow' - ‘long'
b. [plœ?] -[kœ?] ‘tears' - ‘heart'
c. [pl?~t] - [bl?~?] ‘plant' - ‘white'
d. [k??t~ ] - [k??t] ‘fear' - ‘crest'

Question 4. Which of the following consonants is the stop counterpart of the fricative /?/ as in the word [?u?a:] ‘foolish' (Okinawan Japanese):

a. /f/
b. /b/
c. /p/
d. /w/

Question 5. The first consonant in the word [ð? atu] (Tangoa - an Oceanic language) has the place of articulation as:

a. Dental
b. Interdental
c. Bilabial
d. linguolabial

Question 6. Which of the following Arabic words contains a pharyngealized consonant?

a. [s??jf] ‘summer'
b. [alid? ?tima??] ‘meeting'
c. [?alla?h] ‘Allah'
d. [ha:l] ‘situation'

Question 7. Which of the following words contains a retroflex nasal?
a. [ma?ã] ‘morning' (Portuguese)
b. [ha?ka] ‘leg' (Basque)
c. [ba:?] ‘arrow' (Marathi - Indian language)
d. [?° á] ‘borrow' (Burmese)

Question 8. Which of the following tongue sections is used for the pronunciation of the fricative consonant in the Italian word [??na] ‘scene'?
a. apical
b. laminal
c. dorsal
d. Radical

Question 9. Which of the following words contains a palatalized consonant?

a. [pjedad] ‘pity' (Spanish)
b. [kænj?n] ‘canyon' (English)
c. [t?u:] ‘thick' (Irish)
d. [tsva?j?:rl?ç] ‘biennial' (German)

Question 10. Which of the following words contains a palato-alveolar fricative?
a. [?orn??] ‘black' (Russian)
b. [ín?àlà] ‘hunger' (Zulu)
c. [?am] ‘glass' (Albanian)
d. [mo?e] ‘eyelash' (Persian)

Question 11. The soft palate is lowered in the pronunciation of which of the following Nepali words:
a. [bãs] ‘bamboo'
b. [kap] ‘insider corner'
c. [b?a?a] ‘rent'
d. [?ap] ‘pressure'

Question 12. The Advanced Tongue Root feature correlates with:

a. lip position.
b. position of the soft palate (velum).
c. width of the pharynx.
d. air flow.

Question 13. Which of the following words contains the stop counterpart of the fricative [?]?
a. [kurat] ‘clean' (Romanian)
b. [megi] ‘catfish' (Korean)
c. [ba??r?] ‘cow' (Sudanese)
d. [q?m:a] ‘peak' (Arabic)

Question 14. Which of the following words contains a labio-palatal semivowel (glide)? (Tone in Mandarin is not shown for simplicity's sake).
a. [?is?] ‘doctor' (Korean)
b. [?e] ‘moon' (Mandarin)
c. [kwa?t] ‘four' (Catalan)
d. [ma?? k?] ‘mother' (Bulgarian)

Question 15. Which of the following words contains a velarized consonant?
a. [mi?d?l] ‘tower' (Hebrew)
b. [ha?e] ‘baldness' (Japanese)
c. [?a?a] ‘best' (Navajo)
d. [f?õ:??] ‘summer' (Irish)

Question 16. Which of the following words contains a voiceless pharyngeal/epiglottal fricative?
a. [??los] ‘voice' (Ukrainian)
b. [wih:et] ‘one' (Maltese)
c. [?lava] ‘head' (Czech)
d. [s?m??:t] ‘to clean' (Khmer)

Question 17. The secondary articulation in the Russian word [d?et?i] ‘children' involves:
a. the raising of the tip of the tongue.
b. the retracting of the root of the tongue.
c. the raising of the front of the tongue.
d. the raising of the back of the tongue.

Question 18. Which of the following words contains a retroflex consonant? (Tone in Vietnamese is not shown for simplicity's sake).
a. [???] ‘moon' (Vietnamese)
b. [tra?m] ‘dream' (German)
c. [?uχ] ‘train' (Luxembourgish)
d. [?u?i] ‘to wash' (Malay)

Question 19. Which of the following words contains a alvelo-palatal fricative? (Tone in Mandarin is not shown for simplicity's sake).
a. [?el] ‘ice' (Catalan)
b. [??vot] ‘life' (Czech)
c. [zub] ‘tooth' (Ukrainian)
d. [?o?] ‘meat' (Mandarin)

Question 20. Which of the following words contains a labiodental nasal?
a. [??N] ‘bell' (Turkmen)
b. [g?:?] ‘yarn' (Swedish)
c. [f??f] ‘five' (German)
d. [k??] ‘horse' (Polish)

Question 21. Which of the following words contains a trill?
a. [d?:?] ‘through' (Dutch)
b. [b??:] ‘leaf' (Norwegian)
c. [ka?o] ‘expensive' (Spanish)
d. [br?çt] ‘bright' (Scots)

Question 22. Which of the following words contains a lateral?
a. [ve?o] ‘old' (Portuguese)
b. [vero] ‘true' (Italian)
c. [veva?? os] ‘certain' (Greek)
d. [v?xod] ‘exit' (Russian)

Question 23. Which lateral sound contained in the following words is a fricative? (Tones in Cantonese and Vietnamese are not shown for simplicity's sake).
a. [na:wa?t?] ‘Nahuatl language' (Nahuatl)
b. [m????? ?] ‘Mongol' (Mongolian)
c. [l? an] ‘orchid' (Cantonese)
d. [lan] ‘orchid' (Vietnamese)

Question 24. Which approximant contained in the following words is categorized as vocoid?
a. [luno] ‘moon' (Esperanto)
b. [me:?a:] ‘my' (Hindi)
c. [maya] ‘sparrow' (Tagalog)
d. [ka?o] ‘square' (French)

Question 25. Which of the following words contains a voiced bilabial fricative?
a. [ba?? t] ‘house' (Hebrew)
b. [??l] ‘fruit' (Bengali)
c. [?a] ‘three' (Vietnamese)
d. [iβa:βa:] ‘shoe' (Fijian)

Question 26. The Esperanto language. Esperanto is a constructed, auxiliary language, created in the 1880s by a Polish doctor named L. L. Zamenhof. It is spoken as a secondary language by an estimated 2 million people around the world, including about 1,000 individuals who speak it as their first language. Esperanto has been recognized and/or used at various levels by several countries and such international organizations as UNESCO and WHO. On the Internet, Esperanto can be found on many platforms, including Google Translate, Esperanto Wikipedia, Duolingo and lernu.net.
First off, examine the chart below carefully, in which the letters are in uppercase, and the phonetic symbols are in boldface.
Regarding diphthongs, note that Esperanto has only offglides (Vowel + Glide) and no onglides (Glide + Vowel).

YOUR TASK: Based on the chart above, provide the Esperanto spellings of the following words shown in phonetic transcriptions. The first one is done for you as an example.

To make sure you'll have the letters with diacritics correctly, submit a PDF file with your answers either hand-written or computer-processed.
1. [edzi?o] ‘wedding': edzigo
2. [jaxto] ‘yacht'
3. [intona?io] ‘intonation'
4. [lo?antaro] ‘population'
5. [tablo?? d] ‘tablet'
6. [?ra?? bo]'screw'
7. [?a?? do] ‘Thursday'
8. [o?jo] ‘uncle'

9. [orgo?? lo] ‘pride'
10. [wato] ‘watt'
11. [pse?? dos?ien?a] ‘pseudoscientific'