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Each round in a block cipher should be invertible to make the whole block invertible. Modern block ciphers use two approaches to achieve this. In the first approach, each component is invertible; in the second approach some components are not invertible but the whole round is invertible using what is called a Feistel cipher. This approach is used in DES, described in the text. The trick in the Feistel cipher is to use the XOR operation as one of the components. To see the point, assume that a round is made of a noninvertible component, NI, and an XOR operation, as shown in Figure 31.29. Prove that the whole round is invertible, which means that the plaintext can be recovered from the ciphertext. Hint: use XOR properties (x ⊕ x = 0 and x ⊕ 0 = x).
Show how, in an embedded system using a Gumnut core, the keypad controller of Example 8.3 and two instances of the ADC controller of Example 8.4, the components are interconnected using distributed multiplexers.
Use MATLAB to make the following plots of fields associated with propagating modes in a rectangular waveguide. The dimensions are a=2.3 cm, b=1.0 cm and the frequency is 18 GHz. Assume that the maximum electric field is 10mV/m.
In the United States, coal is a fossil fuel, used mainly to fuel the energy needed for electric power plants to manufacture electricity. The air pollution caused by burning coal has been linked to health problems and concerns for the general popul..
Determine if the network is symmetric and if loss less - Determine the equivalent 2-port scattering matrix if port 3 is open-circuited
A child is sitting on the outer edge of a merry-go-round that is 18 m in diameter. If the merry-go-round makes 5.4 rev/min, what is the velocity of the child in m/s
A 4KHz audio signal is transmitted by using a PCM system and the quantization level, L is 256. Find transmission bit rate.
Prove the following useful result, called the zero-component theorem: Let q be a four-vector, and suppose that one component of q is found to be zero in all inertial frames. (For example, q4= 0 in all frames.) Then all four components of q are zer..
The electron distribution in the conduction band peaks at energies close to the conduction band edge. Using the Boltzmann approximation, find the energy in the conduction band (as a function of temperature) at which the electron density peaks
A 5.00 cm thick layer of oil is sandwiched between 1.00 cm thick sheet of glass and a 2.00 cm thick sheet of polystyrene plastic. How long (in nano-seconds) does it take for light incident perpendicular to the glass to pass through this 8.00 cm th..
A digital device has a decimalindicator showing up to three significant figures. An equivalentanalog device has 1000 divisions over the span. Can we determine which instrument is more accurate Explain.
Draw a PLC ladder diagram for this system.
It is desired to generate two currents equal to 50 μA and 500 μA from a reference of 200 μA. Design the current mirror circuit.
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