Primary tool used to insure research subject autonomy

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Reference no: EM132264528

1. What is the primary tool used to insure research subject autonomy?

Ethical research design

Peer review of results

Trustworthy investigators

Informed consent

2. Place these research designs in descending order based on level of evidence.

- 1. 2. 3. 4.

Single randomized control trial

- 1. 2. 3. 4.

Systematic review

- 1. 2. 3. 4.

Cohort study

- 1. 2. 3. 4.

Case-control

3. What value is derived from 1/(CER-EER)?

Risk ratio

Relative risk reduction

Absolute risk reduction

Number-needed-to-treat

4. Which of the following best describes correlation?

Two correlated items can have a negative relationship

One correlated item usually causes another

Correlation is nonlinear

Correlation is expressed frequency counts

4. What is the 95% confidence interval for body weight calculated from a sample of 100 males with a mean weight of 72kg (sd 15kg).

17 to 73 kg

70.5 to 73.5 kg

69 to 75 kg

62 to 81 kg

5. Of the following types of research, which is best for determining cause and effect?

Retrospective population cohort study

Limited time trial for outcomes

Randomized controlled trial

Matched case-control study

6. Which of the following study designs is best to identify the risk factors for developing a disease?

Randomized control trial

Longitudinal cohort study

Case series

Toxicology trial

7. Which validity threat occurs when a study has a drop-out rate of 30%

Selection

Maturation

Testing

Mortality

8. What type of bias is commonly found in systematic reviews?

Publication

Selection

Investigator

Maturation

9. Which of the following is required when performing an ANOVA?

Unequal variance

Normal distribution

Paired data

Ordinal scale

10. What can a qualitative researcher do to ensure transferability of the research findings?

Member-checking

Prolonged engagement

Audit trails

Thick description

11. What is the best source of information about the value of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Expert opinion of a pulmonologist

Harrison's Textbook of Medicine

Online monograph sponsored by Glaxo Smith Kline

Cochrane's database

12. Seven trials compared acetaminophen to placebo in the treatment of

osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, a pooled analysis of five trials of

overall pain using multiple methods demonstrated a statistically significant

reduction in pain (Cohen's D = -0.13, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.04)

13. What is your best interpretation of these results to the general population of osteoarthritis patients?

Some patients may receive a small benefit from acetaminophen

Most patients will achieve a medium benefit from acetaminophen

Some patients will achieve a large benefit from acetaminophen

All patients will achieve some pain relief from acetaminophen

14. Two clinicians interested in the effect of acupuncture on migraines decide to take a look at the literature. They discussed search terms and potential data sources. The authors cited 8 articles (2 RCTs), but only focused on the results from three. They found these three articles indicate that acupuncture is effective in reducing migraine pain. No effect size was calculated. What type of review did they complete?

Clinical

Narrative

Systematic

Meta-analysis

15. Which population does not have to meet the inclusion criteria for a study?

Source population

Eligible population

Participant population

All must meet inclusion criteria

Reference no: EM132264528

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