Reference no: EM133235284

1. The primary role of the juvenile court judge was not simply to adjudicate guilt or innocence but also to provide guidance and assistance to the young accused.

True

False

2. It is fair to say that the pattern of youth crime in Canada changed little from pioneer times until the early 20th century.

True

False

3. The development of significant urban youth crime and gang behaviour came relatively late to Canada in comparison with Britain and the United States.

True

False

4. The latter part of the 19th century was a period when

children were seen as indistinguishable from adults

children were increasingly seen as having different mental capacities than adults

the punishment for child offenders was generally more severe than for adult offenders

youthful crime was seen as a psychiatric rather than a criminal problem

5. It is only in recent times that many gangs were identified with particular ethnic groups.

True

False

6. Legislation relating to juvenile criminality has always taken the concerns for the social welfare of children into consideration.

True

False

7. It is fair to say that many people saw "child saving institutions," such as training schools, as

an effective means of reducing crime

a means for addressing the shortage of public schools in most cities

too often mixing "criminals" with those in dire economic circumstances

being too soft on incorrigible offenders

8. The concept of parens patriae was used to

justify removing young people from their families in order to make them wards of the state

arrest and detain parents who abused their children

recognize that most parents have little control over their children

enforce parental control over children

9. Central to what constitutes a crime is the fact that the behaviour must be formally forbidden and punished by the state.

True

False