Pregnancy and children later test scores

Reference no: EM131031305

Another reason not to smoke? A stop-smoking booklet says, "Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy scored nine points lower on intelligence tests at ages three and four than children of nonsmokers." Suggest some lurking variables that may help explain the association between smoking during pregnancy and children's later test scores. The association by itself is not good evidence that mothers' smoking causes lower scores.

Reference no: EM131031305

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Pregnancy and children later test scores : Suggest some lurking variables that may help explain the association between smoking during pregnancy and children's later test scores. The association by itself is not good evidence that mothers' smoking causes lower scores.

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