Reference no: EM133647197
Research Perspectives
Students of color are suspended at disproportionately higher rates than white students and, on average, perform more poorly on standardized tests. But no peer-reviewed nationwide research has documented a link between the two disparities-until now.
"Prior research has suggested that achievement gaps and discipline gaps may be two sides of the same coin. This is the first study to document this relationship at the national level," Francis Pearman, Assistant Professor, Stanford Graduate School of Education.
Past studies have provided evidence of racial disparities in both school discipline and academic achievement, and for decades, researchers have attempted to shed light on the causes and outcomes of each of these gaps, said Pearman. "But it wasn't until recently that people started talking about these gaps as potentially being related to one another."
An Unexpected Finding
The researchers found that a 10 percentage point increase in the Black-white discipline gap in a school district predicts an achievement gap that is 17 percent larger than the average Black-white achievement gap.
"As the racial discipline gap goes up, so too does the racial achievement gap," Pearman said. "Likewise, as the racial discipline gap goes down, so too does the racial achievement gap."
Pearman also advises parents, teachers and school leaders to pay attention to disparities at their child's school. "If your district has higher suspension rates for students of color than it does for white students, it's likely that it is also failing to meet the academic needs of its students of color as well as it does its white students," he said. "Similarly, if your district is struggling to meet the academic needs of students of color, then it will likely have a racial discipline problem."
To explore these issues further, two video presentations are provided below. First, watch the video lectures below. Summarize the major points in these videos. As part of your viewing experience, you will be expected to quote and cite and/or paraphrase content from the video. To point the reader of a paper to a specific spot in an audiovisual source-such as when you cite a direct quotation-include a timestamp in the APA Style in-text citation, just as you would include a page number under analogous circumstances for a print source like a book or journal article as well as for paraphrasing content from a video.
Use a Timestamp to Cite a Direct Quotation
To cite a direct quotation from an audiovisual source, include a timestamp in the in-text citation alongside the author and date indicating the point at which the quotation begins.
To cite a quotation appearing before the 1-minute mark, or from a video less than 1 minute long, include a zero in the minutes column e.g., (Uploader, year, 0:32). Or, if a longer segment or range, you would list a section as follows (Uploader, year, 1:32-1:40).
You can also include a timestamp for a citation of paraphrased information if you decide the timestamp would help the reader find the information-for example, if you've used information from only a part of a long video.
An example is provided here: ("Title of Video," year, timestamp).
Finally, make sure to always include the video citation at the very end (APA Style). An example of such is as follows:
Uploader name. (year, month day). Title of Presentation. [Video file]. Retrieved from url.
Video #1
Below is the video lecture Racial Disparities in School-based Disciplinary Actions from Dr. William. You may find it useful to watch full-screen.
Video #2
Below is the video lecture Exclusionary Discipline from Dr. William. You may find it useful to watch full-screen.
California Law on Discipline
Senate Bill 419 bans California schools from suspending younger students for defiant behavior., referred to as "willful defiance". Suspensions will be prohibited for students in both traditional and charter schools from kindergarten to eighth grade.